GENUS 63. 



THISTLE FAMILY. 



3. Ratibida Tagetes (James) Barnhart. 

 Short-rayed Cone-flower. Fig. 4455- 



Rudbeckia Tagetes James in Long's Exp. 2 : 68. 1823. 



Lepachys Tagetes A. Gray, Pac. R. R. Rep. 4: 103. 

 1856. 



Ratibida Tagetes Barnhart, Bull. Torn Club 24: 100. 

 1897- 



Rough-canescent ; stem i-ii high, usually 

 much branched, leafy. Leaves firm, pinnately 

 divided into 3-7 narrowly linear, mostly entire 

 segments; peduncles terminal, -2' long; heads 

 i' broad, or less ; bracts of the receptacle narrow, 

 deflexed ; rays few, mostly shorter than the glo- 

 bose to short-oval disk ; style-tips obtuse; achenes 

 scarious-margined ; pappus of i or 2 subulate 

 deciduous teeth, with no short intermediate teeth. 



On dry plains and rocky hills, Kansas to Texas, 

 Colorado, Chihuahua, New Mexico and Arizona. 

 July-Sept. 



64. ECHINACEA Moench, Meth. 591. 1794. 



[BRAUNERIA Neck. Elem. i : 17. Hyponym. 1790.] 



Perennial erect branched or simple herbs, with thick black roots, thick rough alternate 

 or opposite, 3~5-nerved entire or dentate, undivided leaves, and large long-peduncled heads of 

 tubular and radiate flowers, the rays purple, purplish, crimson or yellow, the disk green or 

 purple, at length ovoid or conic. Involucre depressed-hemispheric, its bracts lanceolate, 

 spreading or appressed, imbricated in 2-4 series. Receptacle conic, chaffy, the chaff carihate 

 and cuspidate. Ray-flowers neutral, or with a rudimentary pistil. Disk-flowers perfect, the 

 corolla cylindric, 5-toothed. Achenes 4-sided, obpyramidal, thick. Pappus a short dentate 

 crown. [Greek, referring to the spiny chaff of the receptacle.] 



Four species, natives of eastern and central North America. Type species : Echinacea purpurea 

 (L.) Moench. 

 Rays purple, crimson, pink or white. 



Leaves broad, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, often toothed. i. E. purpurea. 



Leaves narrow, linear to lanceolate, entire. 



Rays about i' long, spreading. 2. E. angustifolia. 



Rays 1 1 / 2 '-3' long, drooping. 3. E. pallida. 



Rays bright yellow, drooping. 4. E. paradoxa. 



i. Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench. 



Purple Cone-flower. Black Sampson. 



Fig. 4456. 



Rudbeckia purpurea L. Sp. PI. 907. 1753. 

 Echinacea purpurea Moench, Meth. 591. 1794- 



Brauneria purpurea Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5 : 334. 

 1894. 



Stem glabrous, or sparingly hispid, usually 

 stout, 2-5 high. Lower and basal leaves slen- 

 der-petioled, ovate, mostly 5-nerved, acute or 

 acuminate at the apex, abruptly narrowed or 

 rarely cordate at the base, commonly sharply 

 dentate, 3'-8' long, i'-3' wide; petioles mostly 

 winged at the summit ; upper leaves lanceolate 

 or ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved, sessile or nearly 

 so, often entire; rays 12-20, purple, crimson, or 

 rarely pale, ii'-3' long, spreading or drooping. 



In moist, rich soil, Pennsylvania to Alabama, 

 Georgia, Michigan, Kentucky, Louisiana and Arkan- 

 sas. Called also Red sunflower. July-Oct. 



