166 THE CARBONIFEROUS SYSTEM. 



lower coal, called locally the " Queen's Vein," has in its min- 

 eral charcoal bast-cells, uniporous, rariporous, and multiporous 

 wood-cells, scalcariform vessels, epidermal tissue, and vascular 

 bundles of ferns, also stipes of ferns and bark of Sigillaria. 

 The mineral charcoal occurs principally in a thick layer near 

 the bottom of the bed. Its roof has trunks of Lepidophloios, 

 Lepidodendron^ and Sigillaria, fossilized by carbonate of iron. 

 The upper part of the lowest underclay is dark and carbon- 

 aceous, with Stigmarian rootlets. 



ft. 



XXII. 



(Gray sandstones, gray and chocolate shales with 

 ironstone nodules; three underclays and erect 

 Cakmiies and /Sigfj/foria in three beds) . . .110 



XXI. 



Coal-group 10. 



1 3 



( Gray shale and ironstone nodules. 



Coal-group 9 < Coal and coaly shale, 1 foot 3 inches 



(^Argillaceous underclay, Stigmarla. 



The roof contains erect Sigillarice, Stigmaria, Catamites, 

 and Cordaites. The coaly shale has fern-stipes and Cordaites. 

 The coal itself is coarse and shaly, and has a layer of mineral 

 charcoal containing bast and epidermal tissue. There are also 

 in the coal remains of Calamites and Cordaites, and fragments, 

 possibly, of insects. 



(Gray and reddish shales with nodules of clay-iron- 

 stone, and gray and reddish sandstone. One un- 

 derclay supporting a coaly film, and erect trees 

 at two levels) . . . . . • . 28 6 



Chocolate shale. 



Coal and coaly shale, 2 inches. 



Coaly shale, 6 inches. 



Coal, 4 inches 1 "J 



Argillo-arenaceous underclay, Stigmaria. 



The upper coal contains flattened Sigillaria; and Stigmaria. 

 The lower bed is hard and unequal, with curved lamina; and 

 obscure traces of petioles of ferns. The mmeral charcoal has 

 bast and scalariform tissues. 



XX. 



(Red and gray shales and gray sandstones. Erect 



Calamites in one bed. Four underclays) . . 78 G 



XIX. 

 r Chocolate shale. 



Coal-group 11 -^ (7o«i and coaly shale, 8 inches _ . . . .08 



(^ Argillaceous underclay, Stigmaria. 



The roof has Cordaites, Calamites, and rootlets. The coal 

 contains much mineral charcoal with the structure of dense 



