272 THE CARBONIFEROUS SYSTEM. 



stones and sandstones near the mouth of the Shubenacadie and in 

 Brookfield. The ores are red ochre, red hematite, and brown hematite, 

 associated with sulphate of barytes and calcareous spar. One of the 

 veins of the east side of the Shubenacadie, near its mouth, is of con- 

 siderable magnitude, and it is probable that such veins, more or less 

 valuable, will be found in the country between this place and Brook- 

 field, where, however, the quantity of iron seems much greater than 

 on the Shubenacadie. 



At Brookfield, about 2^ miles east of the Brookfield statical on the 

 railway between Halifax and Truro, a deposit of fibrous brown limonite 

 has been discovered, and has been examined by Mr Barnes of Halifax 

 and Professor How of Windsor, to Avhose reports I am indebted for 

 the following information : — The ore occurs in large boulders, scat- 

 tered over a surface of 50 acres, and some of them containing three 

 to four tons of ore. They are apparently nearly in situ, as veins of 

 the same mineral are found in the locality, enclosed in a brownish 

 ferruginous quartz rock or hardened sandstone, of a character fre- 

 quently seen in this part of Colchester, and which is either of Devonian 

 or Lower Carboniferous age — probably the former. The ore occurs 

 at or near the junction of these rocks with ordinary Lower Carbon- 

 iferous shales and limestones, which would seem to be unconformable 

 to them. Sulphate of barytes, of excellent quality, is found in the 

 latter rocks at no great distance, associated with iron ore, and probably 

 under the same conditions in which these minerals occur near the 

 mouth of the Shubenacadie. 



The ore of Brookfield is of excellent quality, and should the quantity 

 prove considerable when the mine is opened in the solid rock, its 

 vicinity to the railway will render it a very valuable property. The 

 masses on the surface have no doubt been left by the denudation or 

 washing away of the containing rock, and would seem to indicate an 

 important deposit ; but veins and masses of this kind are often very 

 irregular and uncertain, so that, to determine the real value of the 

 deposit, better openings than those which now exist would be 

 required. 



Ores of Manganese. — These are found at several places in this dis- 

 trict, in veins or disseminated in nodules in the Lower Carboniferous 

 limestones. The most important localities at present are Teny Cape 

 in Hants, and Onslow Mountain in Colchester. From the former place 

 about 1000 tons, worth £8 to £9 per ton, are stated by Professor How 

 to have been extracted up to this time. The following account of the 

 Teny Cape locality is taken from a paper by Professor How in the 

 Philosophical Journal for March 1866 : — 



