470 



THE CARBONIFEROUS SYSTEM. 



even in the most favourable cases ; while there is evidence that in the 

 Carboniferous period many forests may have flourished for centuries 

 without producing an inch of coaly matter. 



Summary of Conclusions. — In illustration of the bearing of these 

 facts on the questions relating to the materials of the coal, I give the 

 following table, representing in a condensed form the results of my 

 observations on the coals of the South Joggins : — 



Table showing the Relative Frequency of Occurrence of Genera of 

 Plants and Animals in the Coals of the South Joggins. 



Name op Fossils. 



Plants. 



SigUlaria occurs in 



Cordaites ,, 



Filices (mostly AlethojJteris 



lonchitica) ,, 



Lepidodendron and Lepido- 



phloios „ 



Calamites „ 



Carpolites, etc „ 



Asterophyllites „ 



Calamodendi'on „ 



Structures. 



Vascular bundles of ferns ... ,, 



Bast tissue {SigUlaria) „ 



Epidermal tissue {Cordaites, 



^ etc.) „ 



Scalariform {Sigil., Stig., Le- 



jndod., etc.) ,, 



Discigerous {SigUlaria and 



Dadoxylon, etc.) „ 



Reticulated {Catamites, 



Ferns, etc.) „ 



Animals. 



Fishes {Palceoniscus, Rhizo- 



dus, etc.) ,, 



Xaiadites {Anthracomya, etc.) „ 



Spirorhis carhonarius „ 



Cythere „ 



Insects (?) ,, 



Eeptiles {Dendrerpeton, etc.) „ 

 Pupa veiusta and Xylobius 



sigillaria „ 



Total. 

 81 coals. 



49 

 41 



23 



16 



16 



11 



3 



1 



30 



20 



12 



11 



10 



3 



18 



17 



16 



14 



3 



1 



1 



