628 THE LOWER SILURIAN PERIOD. 



is ten feet to the north of the Tudor " lode " or " lead," the other 

 is 1100 feet to the south. Their course appears to be similar to that 

 of the principal lode. 



The quartz from the workings of the " German Mine " at Waverley 

 is crushed in an admirable stamping mill, worked by steam, and 

 at present having sixteen stamps, though capable of being increased 

 to more than double that number. The apparatus for the subsequent 

 amalgamation and distillation necessary to obtain the gold appears 

 to be of a very complete character, though improvements are still 

 being made, more especially in the processes for obtaining gold from 

 the metallic sulphurets. There are three other mining properties 

 in the vicinity, and in the line of the same veins, but in these the 

 mining operations are less considerable. The yield of the Waverley 

 mines in 1865 was 13,102 ounces. The number of men employed 

 was 270. Five mills were in operation ; four worked by steam 

 and one by water. The yield of gold was rather more than an 

 ounce for each ton of quartz crushed, and the rate of return per man 

 was $895 per annum. In 1866 the yield per man was only $584, 

 This Waverley district was until lately the most important gold-pro- 

 ducing area in Nova Scotia. 



On one of the claims on the Waverley area a remarkable undulation 

 of the containing beds has affected one of the gold-bearing veins in 

 such a way as to produce the appearance known as "barrel quartz," 

 and which has been described by Professor Silliman, Dr Honeyman, 

 and others. When first uncovered, the quartz vein at this place presented 

 the appearance of a series of arches parallel to each other, and resem- 

 bling trunks of trees placed horizontally side by side. At the time 

 of my visit these barrels had been removed, but a more simple con- 

 tinuation of the structure could be seen in a shallow adit which was 

 being worked in the course of the vein (Fig. 219), and also in some 

 open excavations. The appearances showed that the barrel arrange- 

 ment had constituted the crumpled crown of an anticlinal bend or arch — 

 an explanation already giveu by Professor Silliman, and on one side the 

 vein could be seen following the beds downward on the side of this 

 arch. The arrangement indicates great lateral pressure ; and, which 

 is of more importance, proves conclusively that the quartz veins are 

 contemporaneous with the folding of the rock, since they have 

 perfectly followed its folds without fracture. That the auriferous 

 quartz veins are not beds, is evident from the manner in which they 

 send off branches into the neighbouring rock, as well as from their 

 own crystalline structure and the character of the imbedded minerals. 

 They are undoubtedly true veins, but not veins formed by fracture of 



