10 THE GEOLOGICAL MAP. 



and to Governor's Island and Gallas Point in Hillsborough Bay ; an 

 error of the colourist, whereby the tint of the Lower Silurian was 

 extended over a part of the Carboniferous near Bathurst, in New 

 Brunswick, and some local corrections in Antigonish County and Cape 

 Breton. 



The older formations of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick have all 

 along been liable to the same difficulties which have made the 

 similar rocks of New England the stumbling-block of geologists. 

 Originally very different from the sediments of equivalent age in 

 that "New York Series" which has been usually regarded as typical, 

 intermixed with anomalous and irregular volcanic beds, much dis- 

 turbed and profoundly clianged by metamoi'phic action, and for the 

 most part covered with soil or buried in forests, they presented diffi- 

 culties altogether insuperable in 1868, and which even yet have been 

 very partially removed. I was, however, able, with the aid of the 

 New Brunswick geologists, roughly to arrange them under six dis- 

 tinct colours. These were, with their respective numbers, (4.) 

 Devonian; (5.) Upper Silurian; (6.) Lower Silurian, including 

 Cambrian ; (7.) Huronian; (8.) Laurentian ; (10.) Granite, Syenite, etc. 



Tn Nova Scotia, the only district coloured as Devonian is that on 

 the south side of the Annapolis Valley, or the Nictaux and Bear River 

 formation. The fossils of this are of Oriskany age, and would now, 

 by some geologists, be regarded as Upper Silurian rather than as 

 Lower Devonian. The only other area which I could indicate in that 

 province is a small patch of quartzose rock, holding obscure fossil 

 plants, which projects through the Carboniferous between the East 

 and Middle Eivers of Pictou, and which is delineated on Sir William 

 Logan's detailed map of that district, but is too small to appear in 

 my map. In New Brunswick the Devonian area requires to be 

 diminished by the removal of the large patch between Quaco and 

 Shepody Bay, which consists of altered rocks of much older date ; 

 a remark which also applies to the smaller areas indicated on the 

 map immediately west of St John. On the other hand, considerable 

 portions of the hard, slaty, and arenaceous rocks rising from beneath 

 the Carboniferous on its south-western boi-der, and mapped as Lower 

 Silurian, have been ascertained by Messrs Bailey and Matthew to be 

 Devonian. 



Mr It. Chalmers, who is engaged in preparing a geological map of 

 Restlgouche County, reminds me that a limited exposure of sandstone 

 and conglomerate near Dalhousie, holding obscure fossil plants, 

 and referred by the Geological Survey to the Gaspe sandstones,* has 



* Report of Progress, 1863. 



