TllK PEKMIAN. 11 



plants of a decidedly Permian character, as Walchia, Calamites ffigas, 

 Pecopieris arborescens, great numbers of stems of Araucarites, 

 evidently allied to Walchia^ and the impressions of large thick leaves 

 that look like Noeggerathia, with Dadoxylon edvardianum of Triassic 

 affinity. The beds are disturbed slightly by three lines of anticlinal, 

 running parallel with the Cobequid range of mountains. The dis- 

 integration of the great shale beds of the lower part of this series has 

 caused the separation of Prince Edward Lsland from the mainland. 

 At what appears to be the summit of the series is a bed of quartzose 

 conglomerate, which is pretty extensively distributed, being found in 

 the synclinal on the Murray Harbour Road, about the head waters of 

 North River, and other localities in the centre of the Island. 



" Thirdly. — A horizontal series of red sandstones and shales, not 

 distinguishable lithologically from the last, except it be by more 

 regular bedding, and appearing to repose unconformably on the 

 denuded strata of the most northern anticlinal of tlie Permian. 

 Greatest thickness observed, 150 feet. So far as yet ascertained, the 

 plants found in this series are mostly specifically distinct from those 

 of the lower rocks. But there is a generic relationship, especially 

 with those of the middle series. This is seen in the few better pre- 

 served specimens, and also in the numerous fragments and obscure 

 markings. Adding to the general specific distinctness of its plants 

 tlie fact, that this series yielded the remains of Bathygnathus borealis, 

 we are inclined to consider it the representative of the Triassic. Its 

 beds are best seen on the north shores of the Island, about New 

 London and eastward ; but their exact distribution is very difficult to 

 determine, owing to their general conformability to the underlying 

 Permian. A good and typical exposure of this series occurs at Cape 

 Turner, on the north shore of the Island." 



The general result, in so far as the subdivision of the beds is con- 

 cerned, would seem to be that the lower series is distinctly Permo- 

 carboniferous, that its extent is considerably greater than we supposed 

 in 1871, that there is a well-characterized overlying Trias, and that 

 the intermediate series, whether Permian or Lower Triassic, is of 

 somewhat difficult local definition ; but that its fossils, so far as they 

 go, lean to the Permian side. 



In 1889 Mr P.ain placed in my hands a number of interesting 

 specimens of the genus Tylodendron of Weiss, illustrating not only 

 the structure of the stem, but also the foliage and fruit. These 

 specimens were figured and described in the Memoirs of the Peter 

 Redpath Museum, 1890, giving for the first time a somewhat com- 

 plete diagnosis of tliis interesting gymnospcrmous and probably 



