GERM CELLS OF HERMAPHRODITES 209 



present time. Champy (1913) has found that the 

 cells of Bidder's Organ in Bufo pantherina pass 

 through stages in their transformation similar to 

 those of the primitive germ cells of Rana esculenta 

 which become ova, and is inclined to the view that 

 the principal difference between the toad and the 

 intermediate type of young frogs lies in the fact 

 that in the former the oviform cells are localized in 

 Bidder's Organ, whereas in the frog they are scattered 

 throughout the germ gland. 



The development of the germ glands in the hag- 

 fish, Myxine glutinosa, resembles that in the toad 

 in many respects. Cunningham (1886) and Nansen 

 (1886) considered Myxine to be a protandric her- 

 maphrodite. Schreiner (1904), however, was able to 

 show that every adult is functionally male or female 

 with a rudimentary ovary anteriorly situated and a 

 posterior, mature testis, or a functional ovary ante- 

 rior to a rudimentary testis. These results were con- 

 firmed by Cole (1905). 



Similar conditions have been found by Okkelberg 

 (1914) in the young of the brook lamprey, Ento- 

 sphenus wilderi. Of fifty larvae ranging from 7| 

 cm. to 20 cm. in length, 46 per cent were true 

 females, 10 per cent were true males, and 44 per cent 

 were hermaphrodites. Since male and female adults 

 are approximately equal in numbers, it was concluded 

 that the juvenile hermaphrodites become adult 

 males. In favor of this conclusion is also the fact 

 that the adult males frequently possess ova in their 

 gonads which resemble those present in the her- 

 maphroditic larvae. 



