THE ADRENAL GLANDS 83 



eunuchs of men: and there be eunuchs which have made them- 

 selves eunuchs for the kingdom of heaven's sake. He that is 

 able to receive it, let him receive it." 



He decided that he was inspired to spread the gospel of cas- 

 tration. A sect was founded who thought that surgery was the 

 easiest way to enter the gates of Paradise, and they multiplied 

 and fructified. The sect exists today, and some of the most inter- 

 esting studies of the internal secretion of the interstitial glands 

 have been made among them. 



Related to acquired eunuchism is the condition of eunuchoid- 

 ism, the eunuchs which were so born from their mother's womb. 

 Baron Larey, the great surgeon of Napoleon's armies, was their 

 first painter. He was the only altruist Bonaparte said he had 

 ever met in his life. He portrayed a group of soldiers with pecu- 

 liarly high-pitched voices, smooth and hairless skins, and 

 atrophied generative organs. A somewhat similar picture is 

 evolved in certain types of insufficiency of the pituitary gland. 

 Features of the picture are exhibited with disturbances of the 

 other internal secretory glands also, like the thymus. 



But a host of experiments and data prove the interstitial glands* - 

 to be the direct controllers of elementary sexuality and the 

 specific sex traits of male and female. Beginning with Berthold - 

 back in the first half of the nineteenth century, who studied the 

 fowl, a number of observations have been made on the effects of 

 excision, translocation and transplantation of these glands. 



The results of the experiments and observations can be summed 

 up as follows: if the male individual is castrated before puberty^ 

 that is, before the advent of the sexual life, secondary sex qualities 

 do not develop. In males, the generative organs do not grow, 

 hair on the face does not appear, hair elsewhere on the body re- 

 mains generally scanty, the voice continues as high-pitched as the 

 child's, there is more or less muscle weakness, obesity, and mental 

 sluggishness. In other words, we have an effeminate man, tech-" 

 nically a eunuch. In the castrated female, the pelvis does not- 

 grow to the normal feminine size, the breasts do not swell as they 

 should, more or less hair comes out on the face, the voice is low- 

 pitched, and tends to be rather husky, the legs are longer, and 

 again, the mentality is dulled. That is, a masculine sort of. 

 woman is produced. 



In short, the castrated male takes on a feminine type, and the 

 castrated female, a male type. In either case there is also an 

 infantilism, a retention of the infantile mental traits, a lack of 



