HOW GLANDS INFLUENCE THE NORMAL BODY 129 



and an early awakening of the secondary sex characteristics, it is 

 a masculine precocity, and an approximation to the masculine 

 even in females. There is a definite trend toward an increase 

 of the male in the individual's composition at the expense of the 

 female. We shall have to consider this in greater detail when 

 we analyze the internal secretion basis of masculinity and fe- 

 mininity. In general, the degree of general hairiness is an index 

 to the amount of adrenal influence upon the organism. All the 

 endocrines which affect the hair growth also act upon the seba- 

 ceous glands which oil the skin. 



The Eyes 



Eyes present clues to internal secretion constitutions dependent 

 upon influences of architecture and function. The thyroid eye is 

 typical. It is large, brilliant and protruding. The individual is 

 "pop-eyed." On the other hand, subthyroidized eyes tend to be 

 sunken and lustreless. The eyes of a pituitary type are either 

 set markedly apart, or close together, with the hair at the root 

 of the nose so prominent as to constitute a separate bridge known 

 as the nasal brow. The size of the pupil, and its humidity, which 

 have so much to do with the expression of the eye, vary directly 

 with the activities of the driving and checking divisions of the 

 vegetative system, and are a pretty good index as to which, at the 

 time of observation, is predominant. When the check system is 

 in control, the pupils are large and dilated. When its antagonist 

 and rival, the drive system, is on top, the pupils are small and 

 contracted. The reactions of the pupils when charged by strong 

 emotion, like fear or anger, likewise turn upon the status of check 

 or drive internal secretions in the economy of the organism at the 

 time the exciting agent presents itself. 



Muscles 



It would seem, at first sight, that organs like muscles, mechan- 

 ical instruments for the manipulation of the organism in space, 

 would be more or less independent of the subtler processes of inter- 

 nal chemistry of the blood and tissues. But no assumption would 

 be more beside the mark. Just as much as the bones and viscera, 

 the teeth and the hair, they show grossly how they are being 

 influenced by all the endocrine glands. So thyroid types generally 

 have a skeleton sparsely covered with a muscular mantle. Pitui- 



