130 THE GLANDS REGULATING PERSONALITY 



tary types have large well-developed muscles. The pineal gland 

 has some definite relation to muscle chemistry not yet probed. 

 Thus, it has been shown that when the pineal has been completely 

 destroyed prematurely by lime deposits in it, there is con- 

 comitant a wasting of muscles in places. This waste is 

 sometimes replaced by fat. Pictures and images in wood and 

 stone of these muscle freaks dating from the fifteenth, sixteenth, 

 and seventeenth century are in existence. Then there is the extra- 

 ordinary fatigability of the muscles which occurs in the thymus 

 types, who nevertheless have large well-rounded muscles, a 

 paradox of contradiction between anatomy and physiology. Such 

 a type, for instance, may be picked out by a football coach for 

 an important position in a line-up, simply on the tremendous 

 impressiveness of the muscle make-up, only to see him bowled 

 over and out in the first scrimmage. The tone of muscles, the 

 quality of resisting firmness or yielding softness, is essentially 

 determined by the adrenal glands, especially in time of stress 

 and strain. 



Brown-Sequard was the first to show that extracts of sex glands 

 could increase the capacity for muscular work. Whether this 

 was a direct effect upon the muscles, or indirect through the 

 nerves or other endocrines, no one can say. Certainly the car- 

 riage of an individual, outer symptom of the inner tonus among 

 his muscles and tendons, may be said to be as distinctively an 

 endocrine affair as the color of his skin. And like its variations, 

 variations of their tone, development, reactivity, fatigability, 

 and endurance may be traced to corresponding states of overac- 

 tion, or underaction, and odd combinations of the different hor- 

 mones. Much remains to be learned about them and the manner 

 of their control. Such an affliction as flatfoot, dependent upon a 

 laxity of the ligaments in one who seems perfectly healthy and 

 strong, may lead the analyst back to a thymus-centered person- 

 ality. That is but one example. 



Since, too, muscle attitudes, muscle tensions and muscle relaxa- 

 tions play so large a part in the production of fundamental mental 

 states: the attitudes, moods, memories and will reactions, the 

 vegetative apparatus enters, to play its part as a determinant. 



Sex 



Over no domain of the body have the endocrines a more abso- 

 lute mandatory than over that of the whole complex of sex. Both 



