176 THE GLANDS REGULATING PERSONALITY 



instincts were born at all. It is interesting to note this for our 

 rabid Freudians. 



Fear and anger involve the adrenal gland. How comes it 

 that two states of mind so contrasted should involve the same 

 area? The answer lies in the bipartite construction of the 

 adrenal. All the evidence points to its medulla as the secretor 

 of the substance which makes for the phenomena of fear, and 

 to its cortex as dominant in the reactions of anger. 



When adrenalin is injected under the skin in sufficient quan- 

 tity, it will produce paleness, trembling, erection of the hair, 

 twitching of the limbs, quick or gasping breathing, twitching of 

 the lips — all the classic manifestations of fear. These are the 

 immediate effects of fear because they are the immediate effects 

 of excess adrenalin in the blood upon the vegetative viscera and 

 the muscles. The perception by associative memory of these 

 effects of adrenalin, the sensations arising from the organs 

 affected, constitute the emotion of fear. Flight follows by muscle 

 prepared for flight, for the disturbance of the inter-muscular 

 equilibrium tenses the flexor muscles, the muscles of flight, and 

 relaxes the extensor muscles, the muscles of attack. 



If, it would seem, the cortex secretion now pours into the blood, 

 enough to more than overcome the effects of the medulla secre- 

 tion, the inter-muscular equilibrium is disturbed in the opposite 

 direction, for fight rather than flight, and anger results. Or if 

 the cortical secretion pours in an overwhelming amount of its 

 secretion from the first into the blood there will be no fear, but 

 anger immediately. Habitually charging and fearless animals 



the bison, bull, ti<:cr, or lion have a relatively lar. 

 in their adrenals. Habitually fleeing and fearful animals, like 

 rabbit, have a small cortex and a \ lulla in 



einforcing action of the thyroid is impoa 

 nal medulla reinforced by the th\ 

 the adrenal c thyroid i or fury. 



Some p. ily frightened, otl ulily 



id still other d nature. 



! o medulla 



And tl oli is a p 



good measure of the ratio. These formulation 



rly to f ral. Bui even in 



fi individual in whom 

 ar — complexes, dati] 

 n n»( dulls overtopped cortex, especially childhood. 



