42 A GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS 



TEPAN02 {continued). 

 Arist. H.A. Hi. 12, 519, cf. DeGen. v. 5, 785, Plin.x. 42 (29), Solin. c. 10. Its 

 noisy cry, Arist. De Acoust. 800 ; frag. 241, p. 152 a : cf. II. iii. 3, Antip. 

 Sidon. xvii, Q. Smyrn. xiii. 104, Ar. Av. 710, Virg. Aen. x. 265, Mart. 

 Ep. xxx j Lucret. iv. 182 ; in Carm. De Philom. grus gruit; &c. With 

 ep. fioikoKimos, Cratin. 2. 20. 



A smaller species in the Balearic Islands, called Vifiio> Plin. x. 

 49 (69). 



Gregarious habits: dytXalov, H. A. i. 1, 488, iv. 12, 597b; noXiriKov 

 Ka\ ty' rjyffiovi, i. i, 488. Pugnacity : fights with the eagle, II. xv. 692, 

 Q. Smyrn. xiii. 104, Ael. iii. 13; and with its own kind, H. A. ix. 12, 

 615 b. Its flight is lofty, ovpavoOi npo, II. iii. 3 ; cf. Hes. Op. 446 euf 

 av yepdvov (pcovrjv faaKOVOJJS, ''Y^roQtv i< v€(picov iviavaia KfKXrjyvirjs (with 



which cf. Pind. Nem. vii « n nipav depdeh avinpayov) ; Aes. Fab. 397 

 aarrpav eyyvs tirrapai, Arist. H. A. ix. IO, 614b, Avian. Fab. xv Ast 

 ego deformi sublimis in aera penna, Proxima sideribus numinibusque 

 feror ; Ael. iii. 14, Plin. x. 23, Isidor. Origin, xii. 7 ; see also Horap. 

 ii. 98, where a watcher of the stars is said to be symbolized in Egypt 

 as a crane, v^rjXcos yap ndvv nrraraij Iva tfeao-rjrat ra vecfirj, pq cipa x e ipd&}, 

 ha iv rjavxiq Stapevr) : flies against the wind, Arist. H. A. viii. 13, 597. 

 Lays two eggs, ib. ix. 12, 615 b ; ov a-vyKaOda-r)^ rrjs OrjXeias em&aivet 

 to appev, ib. V. 2, 539 b. 



Migrations.— Arist. H. A. viii. 12, 597 iKToiri£ovo~iv eV ro>i> SkvOlkoov 

 mdivp els ra eXrj ra ava> Tr)s Alyimrov (cf. Herod, ii. 22). A fuller account, 

 how they alight before foul weather, how they have in front a leader, ical 

 tovs in lo-vpiTTovras iv rols eVxaTois : how when sleeping they stand first on 

 one leg and then on the other : how while they rest the leader keeps watch, 

 Arist. H.A. ix. 10, 614b: cf. frag. 241, 1522 a, Antig. H. Mirab. 46; 

 and how their discipline taught men the rules of government, Ael. iii. 14. 

 Cf. in particular Eur. Hel. 1478 Aleves olmvoi aroXddes opfipov Xiirovaai 

 )(€tpepiov viaaovTai Tvpfo-fivTaTq avpiyyi neidopevai noipivos, &C. How they 

 fly aloft in the form of a triangle, with the old in front, the young in the 

 middle, Ael. iii. 13, Plut. De Sol. Anim. Mor. 967 C, 979 A, Dion. De 

 Av. ii. 17, iii. 11. The distance they traverse, crossing the Euxine 

 between the promontories of Criumetopon and Carambis, Plin. x. 30 : 

 from Thrace to the river Hebrus, Ael. ii. 1 ; cf. Diog. Perieg. 155 a'i 

 t ap<pco £vviaaiv ivnvriai, ov pev iovaai eyyvBev, dXX' oaov oXnas iirl rpirov 

 rjpap dvvaarj. The migration from Thrace takes place tov Maipaic- 

 rqpiS)vos, Arist. H. A. viii. 12 ; (pOivonaipov rjdr] peaovvros, Ael. iii. 1 3. 



The flock was supposed to represent a A or other letters ; cf. Philostr. 

 Heroic, xi. 4, p. 710 at yipavoi paprvpovrai rols 'AxaLois on avrai ypdpuara 

 evpov: cf. Claudian. De B. Gild. 477 ordinibus variis per nubila texitur 

 ales Littera, pennarumque notis inscribitur aer ; Lucan v. 712, Martial 

 ix. 14, xiii. 75, &c, &c. See also Bochart, Hieroz. ii. p. 78, G. J. Voss, ' 



