DOMESTIC ANIMALS 315 



fine flesh and are valued for beef production, while the South Devon 

 cattle are larger, coarser, lighter colored, and are raised chiefly for 

 dairy purposes. 



The red polled cattle are natives of Norfolk and Suffolk counties 

 in England. They are useful for both beef and dairy purposes. 

 The head is lean, the withers moderately broad, body well ribbed, 

 hips not prominent, and weight medium. The color varies from 

 light red to dark red. A great many of these cattle are found in 

 Missouri, Ohio, Wisconsin, Illinois, Iowa, and Texas, but they do 

 well anywhere in the Mississippi Valley. 



Shorthorns. The home of the shorthorn cattle is in the counties 

 of York, Durham, and Northumberland in northeastern England. 

 It is our heaviest type of beef cattle and it outnumbers any other 

 breed. Shorthorns are also highly prized for dairy purposes and 

 have good records. Shorthorns have small short horns generally 

 curving forward, short neat neck, body with broad back and large 

 girth, broad brisket, hip bone well covered, rump broad, long, and 

 well filled over with flesh, and thighs and quarters rather long, 

 thick, and deep from front to rear. The color may be solid red, 

 white, red and white, or roan. Among many feeders the pure reds 

 are preferred, but at the stockyards the roans are also highly es- 

 teemed. The shorthorns are widely distributed through the Ohio 

 Valley and the Mississippi Valley, but they are not so well adapted 

 to the Western States, where cattle have to shift for themselves on 

 the range. Some blooded shorthorns are quite valuable, and have 

 commanded prices ranging from $5000 to $40,600, the latter being 

 the price paid in 1873 for the Eighth Duchess of Geneva. 



Polled Durhams. This breed is derived from the shorthorn and 

 originated in the United States. The characteristics of this breed 

 are as follows: (1) true polled heads, (2) the true colors and 

 recognized markings of the shorthorn, and (3) not less than 

 approximately 96 per cent of shorthorn blood. 



The Herefords are natives of Hereford County, England, and are 

 said to have been first introduced into this country by Henry Clay, 

 in 1817, at Lexington, Kentucky. 



Herefords have broad foreheads, keen eyes, bright, tapering horns, 

 small head with white face, deep chest, broad loin, wide level hips, 

 broad ribs, clean tapering thigh, short legs, good body and good 



