DOMESTIC ANIMALS 



317 



Native Cattle. These are cattle made up of mixed breeds and 

 scrub cattle. When these are crossed with pure-bred or high 

 grade cattle, sometimes a fair grade of beef cattle is produced. 



Dairy Breeds. Dairy cattle differ notably from beef cattle. 

 Dairy breeds are small but have large stomachs, and wide udders 

 with many large branching milk veins. The head is usually small, 

 the mouth large, the neck long and muscular; the brisket is not so 

 wide as in beef cattle, the chest does not have great thickness, the 

 ribs are long and arched, the hips are somewhat prominent, the 

 thighs are somewhat muscular, and the legs set square with the 

 toes pointing directly forward. 



The principal dairy breeds are the Jersey, Guernsey, Ayrshire, 

 Holstein-Friesian, Dutch belted, French Canadian, Kerry, and 

 brown Swiss. 



The Jersey Cattle. The Jersey is a native of the island of Jersey 

 in the English Channel. Its introduction into this country dates 

 back to 1850, at Hart- 

 ford, Connecticut. The 

 Jersey has a fawn-like 

 color, some being of a 

 lemon or orange fawn, 

 and others being a 

 squirrel-gray fawn. 

 The horns are some- 

 what short and amber- 

 colored with blackish 

 tips. 



The Jerse} 7 ^ cows are 

 celebrated for their 

 milk and butter, and it is not unusual for a Jersey to produce 

 five thousand pounds of milk and from four to eight hundred 

 pounds of butter in a year. 



The Guernsey cattle originated on the islands of Guernsey and 

 Alderney in the English Channel. They were introduced into the 

 United States, in 1824, by Reuben Haines of Germantown, Penn- 

 sylvania. They are larger than Jerseys and also much coarser. 

 Their hair is of a yellowish or reddish fawn color, while the skin 

 is of a pronounced yellow color. The udder is also larger than 



Jersey cow. 



