TRANSFORMATION 203 



slowly advancing civilisation. 1 We need not discuss 

 the question at length, for it is clear that among these 

 souls there is one which is destined to reincorporation 

 in some member of the family. It is called by the 

 Tshi kra, and by the Ewhe during lifetime luwho and 

 while awaiting reincorporation noli. It has been com- 

 pared to the guardian spirit familiar to ecclesiastical 

 speculation in Europe ; and in some aspects it resem- 

 bles it, being treated with reverence and often even 

 with a kind of worship. 2 



This division of the soul into various entities has 

 been held by numerous and very widely sundered 

 peoples. We have already seen reason to believe that 

 the ancient Egyptians were not strangers to the belief 

 in Transformation by death. Their official doctrine, 

 however, taught that man was a compound being, con- 

 sisting of the body (kka), the double (ka\ the name 

 (reri), the heart (ad), the soul (da), the self (sdku), the 

 shadow (khaib\ the Shining One (khu\ the power 

 (sekhem), the Osiris, and other parts. Of these the ka 

 the sdhu and the Osiris are practically indistinguish- 

 able ; and we are told that " it would seem that in these 

 cases we have to do with the different conceptions of 

 an immortal soul which had arisen in separate places 

 and prehistoric times, and were ultimately combined 

 into one doctrine, the Egyptians not daring to set any 

 aside for fear it should prove to be the true one." 8 

 None of these was immaterial ; and which of them it 

 was that reappeared in human or brute form we need 

 not now decide. 



1 Kingsley, W. A. Studies, 200 ; Nassau, 53, 64. 



2 Ellis, Ewe, 102 ; Tshi, 149; Nassau, 55. 



3 Wiedemann, 234 sqq. 



