RISE OF FATHERRIGHT 75 



anciently planted and watered their own maize. The 

 objects of cultivation not the method have changed. 

 Similarly they were already herdsmen when sheep and 

 goats were introduced. Flocks of turkeys were kept 

 for food and for clothing Mr. Gushing tells us that 

 when he " first went to live with the Zufiis their sheep 

 were plucked, not sheared, with flat strips of band 

 iron in place of the bone spatula originally used in 

 plucking turkeys ; and the herders always scrupulously 

 picked up stray pieces of wool calling it ' down,' not 

 hair, nor fur and spinning it, knitting too at their long 

 woollen leggings as they followed their sheep, all as 

 their forefathers used ever to pick up and twirl the 

 stray feathers and knit at their down kilts and tunics 

 as they followed and herded their turkeys." * 



The Hopis, like the Zufiis, are monogamists. The 

 lady exercises the right of choosing her husband. It 

 is she who must " pop the question ; " or if she be too 

 shy, her relatives (by preference her mother) open the 

 negotiations. Often these negotiations are preceded 

 by intercourse of so intimate a kind that the results 

 can no longer be concealed. Such conduct detracts in 

 no way from her good repute if it lead to marriage. 

 Even if it do not, and if she give birth to a child, she 

 will be sure to marry later on unless she happen to be 

 shockingly ugly. Nor does the child suffer, for among 

 these matrilineal peoples the bastard takes an equal 

 place with the child born in wedlock. When all 

 things are arranged the girl goes to the house of her 

 future husband and remains there some weeks. For 

 three days she works for the family. On the fourth 

 the wedding ceremony is performed by the bride- 

 1 Rep. Bur. Ethn. xiii. 340. 



