COMPOSITION OF PLANTS AND FEEDS 391 



IX. Roots and Tubers. Carrots, potatoes, turnips, beets, etc., 

 containing 70 to 90 per cent, water and i to 3 per cent, protein. 



Description of Concentrates. A few of these feeding-stuffs 

 will be discussed briefly. 



Cottonseed Meal is prepared by cooking and pressing the ker- 

 nels of cotton seed. It contains 36 to 52 per cent, protein, accord- 

 ing to its origin and freedom from hulls. The meal increases in 

 protein from the eastern part of the country to the west, being 

 richest in west Texas. The meal is often adulterated with hulls. 

 The quantity of hulls may be roughly estimated by deducting 5 

 per cent, from the crude fiber and multiplying the remainder by 

 2 l /4. Thus a meal containing 10 per cent, crude fiber contains 

 10-5 x 2^4 = 11.3 per cent, hulls, approximately. 



Brewers' grains are the dried residue from the treatment of 

 cereals with malt, for the preparation of beer. 



Pressed zvhole cottonseed is made by pressing the whole 

 cotton seed between rollers. It thus contains all the hulls. 



Wheat bran is the outer covering of the wheat grain. Some- 

 times the screenings, containing oats, weed seeds, wheat, etc., are 

 mixed with the bran, with or without grinding. This is not 

 allowable under most feed laws. 



Alfalfa meal is ground alfalfa. It is properly a roughage and 

 not a concentrate. 



Rice bran is the outer coating of the rice grain, including some 

 of the germ. It contains about ten per cent, each of protein and 

 fat, but is liable to become rancid. 



Rice polish is obtained in polishing rice. It contains some of 

 the germ. 



Corn bran is the outer covering of the corn grain. 



Kafir corn and milo maize are similar to corn, but contain more 

 protein. They have about 10 per cent, less feeding value than 

 corn. 



