62 THE PRINCIPLES OF 



are required to guide navigation have to be altered from time 

 to time. Crossing the Humber towards Grimsby in Lincoln- 

 shire, we find a continuation of the same class of ground. 

 Holderness is composed of a rich, flat, clay soil, first-rate bean 

 and wheat land, and flat and rich pasturage. Holderness 

 is the original home of the shorthorns, which were first 

 imported from this flat, fertile range. In close proximity to 

 Holderness, in a northerly and westerly direction, the chalk 

 formation rises out of the alluvial plain. 



The chalk formation surrounds Beverley, Drirfield, and 

 Malton in the East Riding. This is not a populous district. 

 Standing at Beverley, and looking in a south-easterly direc- 

 tion, we see the fertile flat tract of Holderness towards the 

 sea, and behind us rise the wolds of the chalk formation. 



Crossing the Humber, we have on the eastern boundary 

 of the county some eight miles in width of the Lincolnshire 

 marsh. This tract forms a fine expanse of fertile marine 

 clay, very similar, indeed, in character to Holderness, and 

 similarly backed on the west by the chalk formation, forming 

 the agricultural district of the Lincolnshire Wolds. 



The marshes extend southward to the town of Burgh, not 

 far from the Wash. At Bnrgh there is a great extension of 

 alluvial deposits, extending inland almost to the city of 

 Lincoln, forming an extensive area around King's Lynn 

 on the Wash, and a considerable portion south of Mid- 

 Lincolnshire, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire, Norfolk, and 

 Essex. Here are situated the city of Peterborough, the town 

 of Spalding, the town of Boston, and around these centres lies 

 the well-known fen country. Any one who travels north by 

 the Great Northern railway passes over this district in running- 

 down to Newark via Peterborough. The alluvial soils under 

 notice commence in Yorkshire, forming South-east Yorks, 

 cross the Humber, forming East Lincolnshire, run down to 

 Burgh, then extend inland, and give the large district 



