ENGLISH AGRICULTURE. 137 



method of cultivation is as follows we first plough about 

 four inches deep, then broadcast the seed upon the newly 

 turned up fallow, and put the harrows on arid give it a really 

 good harrowing so as to break the compact furrow, and cover 

 the seed thoroughly that is all. Protect it from the ravages 

 of the birds, and in the spring of the year roll and harrow 

 it, and that is pretty nearly the cultivation of corn after 

 roots. A great deal of corn is taken after grass and clover 

 crops ; and the cultivation of either oats, or wheat, or barley 

 after lea is much the same thing. We plough and press, and 

 often sow the seed upon the pressed furrow and harrow it in. 



Again, in other cases we plough, press, or heavily roll, 

 harrow repeatedly, and drill. That again is the whole of 

 the cultivation. Corn crops sometimes follow peas or beans, 

 in which case the plan would be to dung the surface, and 

 then proceed as before, ploughing in the dung, and either 

 broadcasting, or else producing a proper seed-bed with the 

 use of the harrow, and drilling in the corn. So that we must 

 regard the cultivation of corn as a simple and inexpensive 

 thing, unless the cultivation of the turnip crop is considered 

 as part of the cultivation for corn, in which case we throw 

 a good deal of expense upon our corn crop ; but I prefer to 

 consider the two crops separately.. 



A very important subject is that of the laying of land down 

 in permanent pasture ; but when we speak of the sowing cf 

 grass crops in this connection, it is with the view of alternate 

 cropping, or of growing grass for one or two years in a 

 rotation. This is a still simpler and easier cultivation. 

 Clover and grass seeds are sown upon a growing corn crop, 

 usually barley. The fine clover and grass seeds may easily 

 be buried too deeply a quarter of an inch is quite deep 

 enough. Perhaps one of the best methods of sowing these 

 seeds is to pass the Cambridge roller over the surface, 

 leaving the ground in a series of small corrugations. Let 



