circumstances would have grown into independent nationalities, 

 move in perfect harmony, each independent in the exercise of 

 the rights of self-government, and all united in their inter- 

 course with each other and with the world. And this great 

 political success is paralleled only by the material prosperity 

 which the system has conferred upon the whole people. Instead 

 of each community living upon and conforming its industries 

 to its own natural productions alone, all, without restriction 

 and without payment of tribute, bring the choicest products of 

 their soil and labor to the common market. 



Of the immense variety of productions, those that one sec- 

 tion can furnish cheaper than the otliers it ofters to all, and 

 those which any section can purchase cheaper than it can 

 produce, it buys of the others, and the people of each section 

 concentrate their efforts on what they can produce to the 

 greatest profit. 



And may we not with confidence anticipate the day, when in 

 the light of a higher civilization, the selfishness of communities 

 will yield to the broader and nobler spirit of a common 

 humanity, when all the nations of the civilized world will 

 co-operate to abolish the offices of Customs, to disband the 

 armies of stipendaries they support, and open wide tlie markets 

 of the world under a system of universal reciprocity. 



