that no foetal improvement could take place, and. thirdly the 

 calves did not have a fair chance after they were dropped. Un- 

 der these circumstances should a reasonable person look for im" 

 provement. 



On the other hand, a man may buy simpiy on account of a 

 long pedigree, tracing pcrhaj^s directly to importation, and pay 

 enough to get a good bull, but has not attempted, or has not been 

 able, to ascertain the qualities and characteristics of the ani- 

 mal's ancestors. His herd is well fed and well cared for ; but 

 still the results are not as good as anticipated, because a bull 

 had not been selected for the purpose of "obviating defects and 

 perpetuating desirable properties." 



Mr. Carr, in writing of Thomas Booth, says he "appears to 

 have proceeded on the principle that whilst the general simili- 

 tude and mingled qualities of both parents descent to the off- 

 spring, the external conformation — subject of course to some 

 modification by the other parent — is mainly imparted by the 

 male and the vital and nutrrative organs by the female. 



Having judiciously selected the best animals procurable of 

 both sexes, Mr. B. was careful to pair such, and such only of the 

 produce of these unions as presented in a satisfactory degree the 

 desired characteristics with animals posessing them in equal or 

 greater measure, and unsparingly to reject, especially from his 

 male stock, all such as were not up to the required standard. 



Mr. Bates and others followed the same system in perpetuat- 

 ing characteristics which they considered desirable. Guided by 

 this rule, Mr. Booth, one of the most celebrated breeders of 

 Short-Horns in the world, built up his magnificent herd. 



In the first place, he selected the best animals that could be 

 procured ; but he was not satisfied with this alone. In the 

 second place, he used the greatest care that onlv such animals as 



