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majority of the public the term is still so used. As the new in- 

 dustry of manufacturing sugar from the beet grew on the conti- 

 nent of Europe, seedsmen were called upon to supply for com- 

 merce seed of the best vari\;ty for this purpose. It was neces- 

 sary that this variety should be as free as possible from all col- 

 oring substance as all this would as a matter of course give a 

 stain to the juice, and impose on the manufacturer the labor of 

 purifying it. The one at first selected was the long, white man- 

 gold wurtzel and this was called the sugar beet in commercial 

 parlance. This white mangold was not entirely white, the por- 

 tion of it that grew above ground being usually colored a light 

 green by exposure to the sun's rays. It became therefore an 

 object for the manufacturer to still improve on this mangold to 

 the end that all the coloring matter in the root should be elimi- 

 nated. The intelligence and enterprise of the seedsmen of Eu- 

 rope responded to this want, and in the course of a few years 

 two prominent varieties of mangold were produced that have 

 nearly completely satisfied it — one of these was sent out by the 

 estimable house of Vilmorin Andrews & Co., of Paris, and is 

 named "Vilmorin's hew Improved White," and the other "White 

 Imperial Extra" by the distinguished German house of Ernest 

 Benary. 



These improved sugar beets of commerce grow nearly entire- 

 ly under ground. They are called beets but are so only in a 

 generic sense, just as the green fleshed melons are included in 

 the word muskmelon when that word is used in a generic sense, 

 though at the same time we know that by the muskmelon in the 

 familiar language of the family we mean only the mealy, yellow 

 fleshed variety. When grown these beets define themselves to 

 be the mangold variety by the coarser structure of the root, the 

 stouter ribs of the leaves and the. greater coarseness of the 

 'leaves, which spring in larger masses directly from the crown 

 than is the case with the beets for the table. 



