113 



As for the kind of tile to lie used, the Committee are of opin- 

 ion that round tile with collars are preferable to those used by 

 Mr. Gregory. The first cost of these tiles is but little more 

 and much less expense for labor and materials is required to fix 

 them in place and hold them in line. The collars serve the 

 double purpose of holding the joints immovably in line and pro- 

 tecting them against the passage of sand or other matter. These 

 points are of the greatest importance in work which is to be 

 buried from sight, and which is intended to endure for many 



years. 



D. F. APPLETON, Chairman. 



STATEMENT OF J. J. H. GREGORY. 



The underdrained land I enter is located on the Glover 

 farm, Marblehead, near the junction of the roads to Salem 

 and Lynn. The portions drained embrace several tracts, viz : — 

 gravelly loam underlaid by hardpan, muck meadow underlaid 

 by clay ; and a strong clay soil increasing in stiffness until at a 

 depth of about three feet a good brick clay is reached. An open 

 ditch runs through the middle of the farm and the various drains 

 open into this. The draining has been done almost wholly by 

 tile, a part the horse shoe, but mostly the sole tile, as those hav" 

 ing a bottom are called. These have been laid at depths from 

 the surface varying from three to^ four feet. In draining the 

 gravelly portion near the barn, I began about three hundred feet 

 above the lowest place, opening my drains about thirty-two feet 

 apart, and laying two inch tile, which emptied at right angles into 

 five inch, the latter into the main ditch, with this one exception 

 all the tile opened directly into the main ditch. The entire 

 length of tile laid was about four miles. Following directions 

 given by theoretical writers, who drain more on paper than on 

 soil, I procured a lot of English draining implements which 

 proved utterly worthless in our hard pan, however well they 

 might be made to work in the clays of England. I found one of 



