ESSAY OX THE APPLE. 125 



ftxposiire, under a shed exposed to the air, there to remain until it 

 becomes cold, freezing weather, when they are transferred to a cool 

 and dry cellar, placing the barrels on ilieir sides, and keeping the 

 cellar dark. 



As a source of income, we believe that the apple can now be re- 

 lied upon either for our own markets, or for exportation ; the facili. 

 ties of communication by steamboats and railroads, opening new 

 markets for this wholesome fruit, while the prices obtained for the 

 finest sorts have not diminished, but advanced, should incite our far- 

 mers to plant out orchards of the apple. Mr. Pell, of Esopus, on 

 the Hudson river, who has an orchard of two thousand, bearing 

 Newtown Pippen Apples, gathered from the trees in one season, sev- 

 enteen hundred barrels of fruit, part of which were sold in New 

 York for four, and others in London for nine dollars per barrel. 



In making a selection of Apples we should as far as is practicable, 

 endeavor to fix upon those which are found to suit our soil ; we have 

 heretofore remarked that many kinds which are good bearers Avhen 

 grown in sti'ong and moist soils, for example the Pickman Pippen, AVil- 

 liams' Favorite, Blue Permaine, Roxbury Russet and Ribstone Pip- 

 pen, are the reverse of this upon our own soil which is of a light 

 sandy loam ; while the Baldwin, Hubbardston Nonsuch, Yellow Bell- 

 flower, Danvers Winter Sweet, Minister and Fall Harvey grow and 

 bear well upon our grounds. The Baldwin and Hubdardston Non- 

 such seem to be at home in almost every variety of soils. 



In a Report which was made to this society some years since, we 

 remarked that Apples originating on any given soil, will be generally 

 better than most of those which are introduced into it; citing the 

 Newtown Pippen, and Pennock's Red Winter, which are first rate 

 at the south where they originated, but when fi*uited in this lo- 

 cality, are found inferior to the Hubbardston Nonsuch, Baldwin and 

 some others. A close observer at the West (Rev. Mr. Beecher) 

 has recently observed "that the soil and climate so modify the flavor 

 and other qualities of the apple, that there is reason for behoving 

 that an apple originating on any given soil will be better than many 

 which are introduced into it, for though the apple is raised in al- 

 most every soil, yet it is probable that each variety affects a particu- 

 lar one, thus I perceive the most popular apple of New England are 

 natives; this to a considerable extent is true of the West." 



Among the best varieties of Apples in Massachusetts are the 



