282 LEPIDOPTERA. 



on the hind wings a curved black band. It expands from 

 three to three and a half inches. The caterpillar lives on 

 the poplar and willow ; it is of a pale brown color, more or 

 less variegated with white on the sides, and sometimes with 

 green on the back ; the head is notched on the top ; there is 

 a hump on the second segment, from which proceed two 



Fig. 109. 



slender blackish horns, barbed on all sides with little points ; 

 the third, fourth, and fifth segments are also somewhat 

 humped above, and on the tenth and eleventh are short tu- 

 bercles. It suspends itself by the hind feet, before chang- 

 ing to a chrysalis. The latter is angular, and tapers towards 

 the tail ; it is of a pale brown or ashen-gray color, with the 

 sides of the back and the extremity of the body whitish ; 

 and there is a thin almost circular projection standing verti- 

 cally on its edge on the middle of the back. The butterfly 

 appears in September, and lays its eggs for a second brood 

 of caterpillars, which are transformed to chrysalids in the 

 autumn, and remain without further change till the following 

 spring, when they are changed to butterflies. 



The genus Nymphalis * is readily distinguished by the 

 following characters. Four-footed butterflies, with a long 

 straight and slender knob to the antenna 1 , the edges of the 



* The name Limenitis, tinder which I formerly included our species, is now 

 appropriated by Dr. Boisduval to certain butterflies of the eastern continent, such 

 us the Camilla, &c. 



