THE APPLE-TREE SMERINTHUS. 827 



The species under consideration is found on the vine and 

 the creeper in July and August ; when fully grown, it de- 

 scends to the ground, conceals itself under fallen leaves, 



which it draws together by a few threads so as to form a 

 kind of cocoon, or covers itself with grains of earth and 

 rubbish in the same way, and under this imperfect cover 

 it changes to a pupa or chrysalis Fi 154 



(Fig. 154), and finally appears in 

 the winged state in the month of 

 July of the following year. The 

 moth, to which Sir James Edward Smith gave the name 

 of Pampinatrix u (Plate V. Fig. 4), from its living on the 

 shoots of the vine, expands from two and a half to three 

 inches, is of an olive-gray color, except the hind wings, 

 which are rust-colored, and the fore wings and shoulder- 

 covers are traversed with olive-green bands. 



Among the Sphinges of Massachusetts may be mentioned 

 those belonging to the genus Smerinthus, whose tongue is 

 very short and scarcely visible, and whose fore wings are 

 generally scalloped on the outer edge. Their caterpillars 

 are rough or granulated, with a stout thorn on the tail, and 

 a triangular head, the apex of the triangle corresponding 

 to the crown. The blind-eyed Smerinthus ($. excoecata, 

 Fig. 155) is fawn-colored, clouded with brown, except 

 the hind wings, which are rose-colored in the middle, and 

 ornamented with an eye-like black spot having a pale blue 

 centre. The caterpillar lives on the apple-tree, but is not 



[ ** C. pampinatrix is Sphinx myron Cramer, and Sphinx cnotus Hiibner. 

 Mourns.] 



