406 LEPIDOPTERA. 



have their regular times for eating and for rest, and when 

 they have finished their meals, they cluster closely together 

 along the twigs and branches. If disturbed, they raise the 

 fore part of their bodies, and shake their heads to signify 

 their displeasure. When fully grown they measure about 

 two inches in length. Commonly in the early part of Sep- 

 tember, they crawl down the trees and go into the ground, 

 to the depth of four or five inches, where they are changed 

 Fi 199 to chrysalids (Fig. 199). These re- 



semble the chrysalids of the imperial 

 Dryocampa, but are much smaller, and 

 like them they remain in the ground 

 throughout the winter, and work their way up to the sur- 

 face in the following summer. These chrysalids may often 

 be seen sticking half-way out of the ground under oak-trees 

 in the latter part of June and the beginning of July, at 



which time the 



Fig. 200. . 



moths burst them 

 open and make 

 their escape. Dry- 

 ocampa senatorial 

 (Fig. 200), the 

 senatorial Dryo- 

 campa, which is 

 the name of this 

 kind of moth, is of an ochre-yellow color ; the wings are 

 faintly tinged with 'purplish red, especially on the front and 

 hind margins, and are crossed by a narrow purple-brown 

 band behind the middle ; the fore wings are sprinkled with 

 blackish dots, and have a small round white spot near the 

 middle. The male is much smaller than the female, its 

 wings are thinner, and more tinged with dull purple-red. 

 It expands about an inch and three quarters ; the female, 

 two inches and a half, or more. 



Three more kinds of Dryocampa are found in Massachu- 

 setts, but they are all rare in this State. The largest of 



