T I X E ,E . 487 



oaten in the autumn. Most of the insects, however, remain 

 in their cocoons through the winter, and are not changed 

 to moths till the following summer. The chrysalis is of a 

 bright mahogany-brown color, and has, as usual, across each 

 of the rings of its hind body, two rows of prickles, by the 

 help of which it forces its way through the cocoon before 

 the moth comes forth. 



As the apple-worms instinctively leave the fruit soon after 

 it falls from the trees, it will be proper to gather up all 

 wind-fallen apples daily, and make such immediate use of 

 them as will be sure to kill the insects, before they have 

 time to escape. Mr. Burrelle says, that if any old cloth 

 is wound around or hung in the crotches of the trees, the 

 apple-worms will conceal themselves therein ; and by this 

 means thousands of them may be obtained and destroyed, 

 from the time when they first begin to leave the apples, 

 until the fruit is gathered. By carefully scraping off the 

 loose and rugged bark of the trees, in the spring, many 

 chrysalids will be destroyed ; and it has been said that the 

 moths, when they are about laying their eggs, may be 

 smothered or driven away, by the smoke of weeds burned 

 under the trees. The worms, often found in summer pears, 

 appear to be the same as those that affect apples, and are 

 to be kept in check by the same means. Cranberries are 

 likewise affected by worms, altogether similar to apple-worms. 



G. TIXE.E. 



The word moth was formerly used in a much more re- 

 stricted sense than it now is. It was originally given to 

 the caterpillars of certain insects, called TIXE.E by Linnaeus, 

 and well known as the destroyers of clothing and of other 

 household stuffs. In this sense we find it used in our 

 version of the Scriptures, and in the works of old English 

 writers. It occurs, with very little change, in other lan- 

 guages also, and seems to have been derived from a word 



