traps with Tangletrap captured about one- 

 third as many curculios as traps without 

 Tangletrap, signifying that about two-thirds of 

 the curcuHos captured by traps without 

 Tangletrap arrived on the traps by crawling 

 onto them rather than by flying onto them. 



As with crawling curculios that encoun- 

 tered a Tangletrap band at the base of a tree 

 trunk, crawling curculios that encountered a 

 Tangletrap band at the base of a pyramid trap 

 likewise subsequently may have taken flight, 

 temperature permitting. Such flight appar- 

 ently did not result in landing on the middle or 

 upper part of a pyramid trap, however. Results 

 (Table 1, experiment 3) also show there was a 

 significant positive correlation between daily 

 numbers captured by pyramid traps with 

 Tangletrap (but not traps without Tangletrap) 

 and daily high temperature. 



In our second experiment, conducted in 

 association with three large unmanaged trees 

 near Prokopy's home in Conway, we studied in 

 greater depth curculio captures by unbaited 

 pyramid traps that received a band of 

 Tangletrap at the base and traps that did not. 

 In all, there were two traps of each type 

 beneath each tree, midway between the trunk 

 and edge of canopy. Grass beneath each tree 

 was maintained below 4 inches in height. 

 Captured curculios were counted daily at 5AM 

 and 10PM from June 29 to July 14. 



Results (Table 2) show that across the 

 entire 24-hour period of a day, traps with 



Tangletrap captured about one-third as many 

 curculios as traps without Tangletrap, corrobo- 

 rating results of the preceding experiment at 

 Hardigg. Interestingly, traps without 



Tangletrap captured about twice as many 

 curculios from SAM to 10PM as fi-om 10PM to 

 SAM, whereas traps with Tangletrap captured 

 more than 20 times as many curculios fi*om 

 SAM to 10PM as from 10PM to SAM. These 

 results signify that about twice as many 

 curculios arrive on pjrramid traps during 

 daylight as during darkness, that about half of 

 those arriving on pyramid traps during 

 daylight do so by flying and half by crawling, 

 and that almost all of those arriving on pyramid 

 traps during darkness do so by crawling. There 

 may be two reasons why very few curculios fly 

 onto pyramid traps during darkness: first, on 

 most nights, temperature during darkness may 

 be too cool to permit flight; and second, 

 curculios in flight during darkness may be 

 unable to see pyramid traps. 



In our third experiment, beneath a plum 

 tree at Prokopy's in Conway, we released a 

 group of 40 field-collected plum curculios on the 

 ground mid-way between the tree trunk and 

 edge of the canopy. We did this on 12 evenings 

 at 7:30 PM between June 22 and July 14 when 

 the temperature was about 70°F and there was 

 no rain falling. Four of the releases were made 

 north of the tree on ground covered by 4 inches 

 of grass, four north of the tree on bare ground 

 (the grass was covered with soil), and four south 



Table 2. Numbers of plum curculios captured by pyramid traps beneath 

 unmanaged apple trees at different times of day, June 29 - July 14, 1996, 

 Conway, MA. 



Traps 



Number of 

 replicates 



Average number captured* 



SAM - 10PM 10PM - S AM 



With a band of Tangletrap 6 



Without a band of Tangletrap 6 



4.3b 

 7.8a 



0.2c 

 3.Sb 



^Numbers followed by a different letter are significantly different at odds of 

 19:1. 



Fruit Notes, Volume 62 (Number 1), Fall, 1997 



