cut from a mature Fuji apple was placed inside 

 a boll weevil trap top capping a pyramid trap in 

 a way that odor could move down onto the 

 pyramid. Wedges were renewed daily. Traps 

 were placed mid-way between trunks and 

 perimeters of unmanaged apple trees from 

 June 3 until June 9. Results (Table 2) show no 

 enhancement of trap captures by additions of 

 apple wedges to boll weevil trap tops capping 

 pyramid traps. 



In the third experiment, 4 branchlets (each 

 with 12 Mcintosh apples) were distributed 

 evenly on the ground at the base of each 

 pyramid trap. Traps were placed mid-way 

 between trunks and perimeters of unmanaged 

 apple trees from June 15-22. Results (Table 3) 

 show no enhancement of trap captures by 

 additions of fresh-cut branchlets bearing 

 immature apples at bases of pyramid traps. 



Ammonium Carbonate as Odor Source. 

 Ammonium carbonate crystals were distrib- 

 uted so as to cover screen bases of cylindrical 

 containers of the type previously described for 

 housing live plum curculios. 



In the first experiment, three containers of 

 ammonium carbonate were attached 8 inches 

 above ground to the wings of each pyramid 

 trap, one container per wing. Traps were 

 placed adjacent to trunks of unmanaged trees 

 from June 22 until June 24. Results (Table 3) 

 show that ammonium carbonate did not 

 enhance trap captures. 



In the second experiment, a container of 

 ammonium carbonate was affixed to an open- 

 top boll weevil trap top capping a pjTamid trap 

 in such a way that odor could move from the 

 container through the boll weevil trap top and 

 down onto the p3nramid. Traps were placed 

 adjacent trunks of unmanaged trees from June 

 24 until June 26. Results (Table 3) show that 

 ammonium carbonate had a significantly 

 negative effect on trap captures. 



Conclusions 



Disappointingly, none of the sources of odor 

 we evaluated led to an increase in numbers of 

 plum curculios captured, either by pyramid 

 traps placed on the ground beneath tree 

 canopies or boll weevil trap tops placed within 

 tree canopies. What might have been some 

 causes of this lack of positive response of 

 curculios to odor baits evaluated in conjunction 

 with traps? 



In the case of male or female curculios as 

 bait, we were quite puzzled by results until we 

 carried out some additional laboratory tests. 

 The way in which we conducted our field tests 

 was consistent with the way tests of potential 

 odor attractancy of one sex of insect to another 

 is normally evaluated in the field. We fully 

 expected to find that odor of male or female 

 curculios was attractive to individuals of the 

 same or opposite sex. This expectation was 



Table 3. Mean numbers of plum curculios captured per day in traps baited 

 with ammonium carbonate (AC). 



*In each experiment, numbers followed by a different letter are 

 significantly different at odds of 19:1. 



Fruit Notes, Volume 62 (Number 1), FaU, 1997 



11 



