-23- 



4. Woolly apple aphids may colonize at the pTuninj; cuts. 



5. Some regrowth may occur after summer pruning and leaf drop 

 is later on this wood. Delayed leaf drop is an indicator of 

 delayed maturity of wood, which increases the risk of winter 

 injury and has been one of the concerns with summer pruning. 

 Raymond Granger, CD. A. Research Station in Quebec reported 

 that summer pruning, among other factors, appeared to increase 

 severity of winter injury to apple trees during the winter of 

 1980-81. 



6. The summer pruning practices of R.P. Marini and J. A. Barden 

 in Virginia reduced the amount of bloom on 2-year-old wood. 



Cone lusions Majority of trees in Massachusetts are on vigorous- 

 size controlling rootstocks and the responses to summer pruning, 

 with the exception of improved red color, may be slow to develop. 

 Summer pruning can reduce the amount of pruning necessary during 

 the winter months and possibly improve work efficiency during 

 the summer. However, it is doubtful that summer pruning will 

 become a common practice except in a few situations of severe 

 tree crowding. Summer pruning will be mainly practiced for tree 

 training in non-bearing blocks and has the potential for improv- 

 ing fruit color in crowded bearing trees. 



********** 



EXTENT OF DAMAGE BY MAJOR APPLE FRUIT INJURING INSECTS 



IN MASSACHUSETTS 



R.J. Prokopy, W.M. Coli and G. Morin 

 Department of Entomology 



Now that the 5-year (1978-1982) pilot integrated pest manage- 

 ment (IPM) program on apples has ended in Massachusetts, we take 

 the opportunity to present here a summarized account of insect 

 injury to fruit which we and the IPM field scouts encountered at 

 harvest in the various IPM and check commercial orchards that were 

 sampled . 



The data in Table 1 have been reported previously as portions 

 of other articles in FRUIT NOTES [V.44(l), V. 44(6), V. 45(6), V. 47 

 (1); V. 48(1)]. They are offered here, in condensed form, to pro- 

 vide an overview of the major insects which directly injure apple 

 fruit in Massachusetts. They were obtained via on-tree surveys at 



