Apple Integrated Pest Management 

 in 1992: Insects and Mites in 

 Second-level Orchard Blocks 



Margaret Christie, Ronald Prokopy, Kathleen Leahy, Jennifer Mason, 



Andrea Pelosi, and L. Kate White 



Department of Entomology, University of Massachusetts 



Last spring, in Fruit Notes [57(2):5-13], we 

 reported results of oiir first year of second-level 

 IPM trials in Massachusetts apple orchards. 

 Under second-level IPM, orchard management 

 is integrated across all classes of pests: insects, 

 mites, diseases, weeds, and vertebrates, rather 

 than focusing on a single type of pest. Here, we 

 report results of the second year of second- level 

 IPM trials on insects and mites in commercial 

 Massachusetts orchards. 



Insect and mite management under second- 

 level IPM practices requires appUcation of three 

 to four selective insecticide sprays fi-om April to 

 early June to manage tarnished plant bug 

 (TPB), European apple sawfly (EAS), plum 



curculio (PC), green fruitworm (GFW), the first 

 generations of codling moth (CM), lesser 

 appleworm (LAW), leafminer (LM), and leaf- 

 hopper (LH). Insecticide application to the inte- 

 rior of the block ceases after the final plum 

 ctu"cuho spray in early June, allowing natural 

 populations of predatory insects and parasitoids 

 to increase to levels we hope will be sufficient to 

 provide control of summer populations of foliar 

 pests. In full second-level IPM blocks, apple 

 maggot flies (AMF) are controlled by perimeter 

 interception traps. In transitional second-level 

 blocks, use of AMF interception traps is replaced 

 by perimeter row spraying with Guthion"™ or 

 Imidan"™ every three weeks beginning in early 



Table 1. Average percent injury by early-season insect pests in second-level eind 

 first-level IPM blocks in 1992.* 



Type of block 



TPB 



PC 



EAS 



GFW 



Total 



Full second-level 1.5 a 0.1 a 0.1a 0.0 a 1.7 a 



First-level 2.3 a 0.1 a 0.1 a <0.1 a 2.5 a 



Transitional second-level 1.1 a 0.5 a 0.1 a 0.2 a 1.9 a 



First-level 0.7 a 0.1 a 0.1 a 0.1 a 1.0 a 



* Means in each couplet in each column followed by a different letter are 

 significantly different at odds of 19:1. Two hundred fruit of each of three cultivars 

 (Mcintosh, Cortland, and Delicious) were sampled at harvest. TPB = tarnished 

 plant bug; PC = plum curculio; EAS = European apple sawfly; GFW = green 

 fruitworm. 



24 



Fruit Notes, Winter, 1993 



