beginning of this project, we had limited data sug- 

 gesting that summer pnmingcould reduce or elimi- 

 nate the need for fungicides in the summer. We have 

 described the results of this work elsewhere (Cooley 

 et al., 1992). We have concluded that summer 

 pruning reduces flyspeck and sooty blotch on trees 

 with dense canopies, but additional measures are 

 necessary to reduce levels below economic thresh- 

 olds. In 1993, we focused summer fungicide applica- 

 tions on primary inoculum for flyspeck, which was 

 released during June and early July. Our program 

 recommended no fungicides after June in second- 

 level IPM blocks. 



Results 



gram has received wide-spread adoption in all or- 

 chards, which often use first level IPM. This being 

 so, we would expect few differences between checks 

 and second-level blocks in terms of primary season 

 fungicides. Second, in 1993, high levels of inoculum 

 in many second-level blocks led to recommendations 

 for an extra fimgicide application near the half-inch 

 green stage, and more frequent use of scab fungi- 

 cides in general. 



Table 2 shows the increase in PAD from 1992 to 

 1993. Two orchards exceeded the PAD threshold in 

 1992, and seven exceeded it in 1993. There was no 



From the disease perspec- 

 tive, the terms "full" and "transi- 

 tional" second-level blocks re- 

 ferred to in other articles was of 

 minor importance, and the data 

 from both are combined here. 

 During the early season, the 

 fungicide use in all blocks gener- 

 ally was the same (Table 1). In 

 1991 and 1992, similar fungicide 

 use occurred in second-level 

 blocks as in conventionally man- 

 aged (check) blocks in the pri- 

 mary season. In 1993, some- 

 what more fungicide was used in 

 primary season in the second- 

 level blocks. There are two fac- 

 tors which contributed to this 

 trend. First, the delayed SI pro- 



14 



FruH Notes, Winter, 1994 



