294 APPENDICES 



monly found along those stretches of river bank or 

 lake-shore where there is a beach of mud or sand, 

 overhung by trees or bushes. There must certainly 

 be some reason for this preference on the part of the 

 fly for a certain type of ground ; it may be, as has 

 been suggested by Sambon, that there is some relation 

 between the flies and certain air-breathing fishes, but 

 our knowledge on this point is at present only frag- 

 mentary. More complete information may perhaps 

 lead to some more effectual means of dealing with the 

 flies. 



Tsetse-flies do not lay eggs, like most Diptera, but 

 larvae, which turn into the pupa condition almost 

 immediately after extrusion. The perfect flies, both 

 male and female, are blood-suckers. They feed during 

 the day, and by reason of their exceedingly rapid 

 flight and the extraordinary softness with which they 

 alight on their victims, it is very difficult to detect 

 them until after the mischief has been done. 



APPENDIX C 



AFRICAN TICK FEVER (ALSO CALLED 'AFRICAN 



RELAPSING FEVER,' OR 'SPIRILLUM 



FEVER') 



Tick ff.ver is an acute specific fever due to the 

 presence of spirochaetae in the general circulation. 

 The spirochsetse are conveyed by the bite of a tick; 

 they can also be communicated by inoculation with 

 infected blood. 



Fever due to the bite of a tick was first described 

 by Dr. Livingstone. In 1873 Obermeier discovered 

 the spirochaeta, which causes the relapsing fever of 

 Europe, and in 1897 it was discovered that the parasite 



