3o6 APPENDICES 



to the bed for beetles, ticks, scorpions, and other 

 undesirable creatures. 



Filters : A great deal of ingenuity has been devoted 

 to the construction of filters which have been recom- 

 mended for use in tropical places, but I would strongly 

 dissuade anyone from taking a filter, at all events to a 

 country where negro servants are employed. The 

 more efficient a filter is, the sooner it becomes clogged 

 with dirt and requires cleaning. Unless it is kept 

 constantly clean by boiling, under the supervision of 

 the European, the filter becomes a splendid breeding- 

 ground for bacteria, and is a source of danger rather 

 than of safety. Except in high mountain regions, 

 above the highest habitations, all water for drinking- 

 purposes should be boiled as a matter of routine. In 

 order to clear very muddy water, the addition of a 

 small quantity of aliun (sulphate of alumina) will be 

 found useful. 



, Dubbin, or some equivalent, should be taken in large 

 quantities. Except in places where hippos can be 

 shot, it is impossible to obtain fat for boots and other 

 things made of leather. The sheep and goats and 

 antelopes are totally lacking in fat. 



Large sacks, made of green Willesden canvas, will 

 be found most useful for carrying large skins and 

 horns of antelopes and bulky curios, which would be 

 damaged by exposure to the weather. 



Naphthaline is cheap and not heavy. It is invaluable 

 for protecting natural-history specimens, clothes, and 

 books against the attacks of the ubiquitous ants. 



Salt is in many places worth untold gold. Being 

 heavy, it should be purchased at the last point of 

 civilization. 



A steel tape for measuring is a thing which ought 

 not to be forgotten. It cannot stretch or shrink like 

 a linen measuring-tape, and its habit of springing 



