GROWTH 



117 



tissue-tension. We are all familiar with this phenomenon 

 (Figs. 74 and 75). When boys make whistles from young 

 willow twigs in spring, a cylinder of bark is removed, 

 and may be easily replaced; but if the cylinder of 

 bark becomes split lengthwise, the edges cannot be 

 made to come together around the wood without consider- 

 able stretching. This illustrates transverse tissue-tension 

 (Fig. 76). If the preceding statements in this chapter 

 have been understood, the student should now be able 

 to explain these phenomena without further assistance. 



Fig. 76. — Portion of stem of a willow, illustrating transverse tissue- 

 tension. By gentle tapping and twisting the cambium layer has been 

 bruised, so that a small cylinder of the bark was easily twisted oflf. 



120. Elongation of Roots. — In order to ascertain the 

 manner of growth of roots, the root of a young seedling 

 of lupine, or other plant, may be carefully marked with 

 dots or lines of India ink, at intervals of i millimeter, 

 beginning about i millimeter back from the root-tip, and 

 extending for a distance of 15 to 20 millimeters. If the 

 root is again observed, after having been left to grow for 

 about 24 hours, it will be found that the first six or eight 

 marks near the tip have spread apart, those from 3 to 7 

 millimeters from the tip having separated more than those 

 farther back Those marks most remote from the tip 

 will be found to have separated very little if at all (Fig. 

 77). By this simple experiment we learn that the 



