Appliances for Horse-training 229 



reins and side reins, that the less the head is forcibly 

 controlled at this early stage the better. Crosstrees 

 are only used abroad for Haute Ecole training. 



In the event of the horse refusing to lead, two ap- 

 pliances are suggested — the Crupper Leading- 

 Rein and the Commanche Bridle. 



The crupper leading-rein can be improvised by 

 making a small loop in the center of a long piece 

 of rope, which is applied as a crupper, and passing 

 the two ends through the stirrup-leathers and on 

 through the headstall just above the nose-band. It 

 will sometimes be found useful in leading a horse 

 over small water jumps when other means of getting 

 him over have failed, for moving an obstinate jibber, 

 or for boxing a refractory horse. 



A description of the Commanche bridle will be 

 found in Hayes's " Illustrated Horse Breaking " ; its 

 action gives pain, so that the advantage it offers is 

 problematical. 



Several writers, both English and foreign, have 

 invented " Strait-jackets " for horses. The prin- 

 ciple is the same in each case : the horse^s legs are 

 encircled with a rope at about elbow height, in order 

 to facilitate handling. The appliance was in use in 



