286 Modern Riding and Horse Education 



work which will be required to get him back to his 

 true form cannot be measured with accuracy. The 

 refuser is of little value either to the hunting man 

 or to the exhibitor of show jumpers, so that the pre- 

 vention and cure of this exasperating fault is a 

 matter of the first importance to them. 



A horse may refuse for any of the following rea- 

 sons, or from a combination of several. 



1. From having been previously jobbed in the 

 mouth on landing (Plate XXV), thus receiving se- 

 vere punishment for obeying his rider's wishes. If 

 the job in the mouth is severe the horse receives the 

 additional punishment of jarring his hindquarters on 

 landing, as they come to the ground too soon and are 

 not adapted for bearing weight as are the forelegs. 



2. Being accidentally spurred during any phase 

 of the jump — another punishment for obedience. 



3. Insufficient elementary schooling; the horse will 

 refuse because he does not know what is required 

 of him. 



4. Not having sufficient head-room when he poises 

 his body to spring. 



5. Want of heart in the rider, which is so easily 

 communicated through the reins. 



