I N S 



I N U 



ing provided with a board about eighteen inches 

 square, and a small wooden trowel, take down the 

 bundles of hean-stalks, one by one, strike them 

 against the board, and with vuur trowel kill the 

 Earwigs as they fall out of the stalks. If you 

 follow this up every mornins; (or every other 

 morning) yon wtll be able to keep them nndcr." 



This method answers for any sort of trees 

 infested with Earwigs. In some years he 

 has " seen a great part of the fruit, espe- 

 eially the smooth-skinned sorts, destroyed by 

 these insects, and a small green caterpillar ; 

 and in a scarce year of fruit, the leaves of 

 peaches arc frequently destroyed by them.'" It 

 is advised, that " the shreds taken from trees 

 that have been unnailed in autumn, should be 

 soaked in boiling hot soap-suds for three or four 

 days, previous to their being used again ; as tliis 

 will kill the eggs of Earwigs and other insects 

 that maybe deposited on them." 



The eighth, Papiliu, or Butterfly, belongs to 

 the order Lepidopjera. 



There are a great many species of this genus, 

 mostly distinguished by the colour of their 

 wings. The more connnon sorts, with their 

 caterpillars, are well known. 



Mr. Forsyth advises, that the caterpillars and 

 chrysalids should be carefully picked off, and 

 the trees be well watered with clear litne-water 

 and tobacco-water mixed. 



The ninth, Phalcena, or Moth kind, are ex- 

 tremely numerous, their caterpillars differing 

 much in size, shape and colour. After casting 

 their slough several tiines, all of them spin their 

 cod, in which they are transformed to chrysalids. 

 In this state they are often found rolled up in 

 the leaves of fruit-trees, especially those of the 

 pear, plum, and cherry kind. See Fhal.«na. 



Of the Sphinx, or Hawk Moth kind, there 

 are a vast number of species. Their caterpillars 

 apply the hinder part of their bodies to the 

 branches of trees, holding the rest erect; hence 

 ihe name. In genera! they spin their cod under 



ground. 



They appear eaily in the morning, or after 

 sun-set. Hying he:.vily, and making a sort of 

 noise. Several of the caterpillars are green, and 

 some brown, yellow, spotted, or belted. See 

 Phal/ena. 



The Phalcena nustrin, or Lackey Moth, de- 

 posits its eggs in rings or circles round the 

 branehes of fruit-trees, having the appearance 

 of a necklace. See Phalcena. 



The tenth, or Thrips, belongs to the order 

 lismiptera; and there are several species. It 

 is extremely small, so as scarcely to be disco- 

 vered. It produces much mischief on fruit- 

 trees, devouring the fruit as well as the leaves. 



It may be destroyed in the same manner as 

 the Cocci. 



The pernicious effects of these different in- 

 sects, as well asthe means of removingthem,will 

 be more fully explained in speaking of Those vege- 

 table diseases that are caused by the attacks of 

 insects. See Vegetable Insect Diseases. 



INULA, a genus comprehending plants of 

 the herbaceous and shrubby kind. 



It belongs to tlie class and order Syngenesia 

 Pvhjgamiu Superjiita, aad ranks in the natural 

 order of Cumpositce Discoidece. 



The characters are : that the calyx is common 

 imbricated : leaflets lax, spreading : the exterior 

 ones larger, of equal length : the corolla com- 

 pound, radiated, broad : corollules hermaphro- 

 dite, equal, very numerous in the disk : females 

 strap-shaped, numerous, crowded, in the rav : 

 proper of the hermaphrodite, funnel-form : bor- 

 der fiy(*elcft, rather upright : female strap- 

 shaped, linear, perfectly entire: the stamina in 

 the hermaphrodite have five filaments, filiform, 

 short : anther cylindric, composed of five smaller 

 linear conjoined ones ; each ending below in 

 two straight bristles of the lenath of the fila- 

 ments: the pistillum in the hermaphrodite is an 

 oblong germ : style filiform, length of the sta- 

 mens : stigma bifid, rather upright : in the 

 females, germ long : style filiform"^ half bifid : 

 stigmas erect: there is no pericarpium: the ca- 

 lyx unchanged : the seeds in the hermaphro- 

 dites solitary, linear, four-cornered : pappus ca- 

 pillary, length of the seeds : in the females like 

 the hermaphrodites : the receptacle naked, 

 flat. 



The species cultivated are: 1. /. Hehnhim, 

 Common Inula, or Elecampane ; C. /. Britan- 

 nica, Creeping-rooted Inula ; 3. /. salicina, 

 Willow-leaved Inula; 4. /. Cannriensis, Canatv- 

 Inula; 5. I. satiircioldes, Savory-leaved Inula; 

 6. I.Jruticosa, Shrubby Inula. 



The first has a perennial, thick, fusiform, 

 brown, branching, aromatic root ; according to 

 some, biennial : it is one of the larsrest bulba- 

 ceous plants, being from three to fi\e or six Itet 

 high, with the stem striated and downy, briinch- 

 ed towards the top : the lower leaves or. ibot- 

 stalks, lanceolate, a foot Icno', and four inches 

 broad in the middle ; upper embracing,- ovate- 

 lanceolate, wrinkled, serrated or toothed, deep 

 green, and slightly hairy above, whitish green 

 and thickly downy beneath : the flowering heads 

 very large, single, terminating; the sien! and 

 branches. It is a native of Jajan, &c. flouering 

 in June and July. 



The second species has a perennial root : the 

 stem near two feet high, dividing in the upper 

 pan into two or three upright branches or pe- 



