I L E 



I L E 



well on the level of the 



Fig. e. Plan of the 

 passage floor. 



Fig. 3. Ground plan of the well. 



Fig. 1. Front elevation of the entrance. 



N. B. In figures 2, 3, and 4, the letters of 

 reference arc placed to the same parts of the 

 building respectively, as in fig. 1. 



ICE-PLANT. See Mesembryanthemum. 



JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE. See Heli- 



ANTHOS. 



JERUSALEM SAGE. See Phlomis. 

 ILEX, a genus containing plants of the 

 hardy evergreen tree or shrubby kinds. 



It belone;s to the class and order Tctrandria 

 Tctranynia {Pohjgamia Dioecia), and ranks in 

 the natural order of Diimosce. 



The characters are : that the calyx is a four- 

 toothed pcrianthiuni, very small, and perma- 

 nent: the corolla one-'petalled, four-parted, 

 wheel-shaped : divisions roundish, spreading, 

 rather large, with cohering claws : the stamina 

 have four awl-shaped filaments, shorter than 

 the corolla: anthers small: the pistillum is a 

 roundish germ : style none : stigmas four, ob- 

 tuse: the pericarpium is a roundish berry, four- 

 celled : the seed solitary, bony, oblong, obtuse, 

 gibbose on one side, cornered on the other. 



The species cultivated are : 1. I. aqinfolunn. 

 Common Holly; 2. /. Cassine, Dahoon Holly; 

 3. /. vomitoita, South-sea Tea, or Evergreen 

 Cassine. 



The first rises from twenty to thirty feet, and 

 sometimes more; but its ordinary height is not 

 above twenty-five feet. The trunk is covered 

 with a grayish smooth bark, and those trees 

 which are not lopped or browzed by cattle, are 

 connTionly furnished with branches the greatest 

 part of their length, and form a sort of cone : 

 the leaves are petioled, about three inches long, 

 and one and a half broad, of a lucid green on 

 their upper surface, and pale on their under, 

 having a strong midrib ; the edges are indented 

 and waved, with sharp stiff thorns terminating 

 each of the points, some raised upwards, others 

 bent downwards, being fixed into a strong woody 

 border, which surrounds the leaf. When this 

 tree grows naturally, it has flat, entire leaves, 

 without thorns, only ending in a sharp point, 

 mixed with the others, especially as it advances 

 in age : the flowers in clusters from the base of 

 the petioles (from a sort of scale upoa the 

 branch) on very short peduncles, each sustain- 

 ing five, six, or more flowers (generally three 

 together), appearing in May. They are suc- 

 ceeded by roundish berries (crowned with the 

 calyx, which turns black), turning to a beauti- 

 ful scarlet about Michaelmas, and continuing 

 the greatest part of the winter. 

 There are a great many varieties of both the 



green-leaved and variegated sorts. Of the first 

 the Common Green-leaved Prickly, the Smooth 

 Green-leaved, the Narrow Serrated Green-leav- 

 ed, the Green-leaved Yellow-berried, the Box- 

 leaved Green, the Hedgehog Green ; and of the 

 latter, the Common Prickly, with Silver-striped 

 Leaves, with Gold-striped Leaves, with Blotch- 

 ed Leaves, the Smooth with White-striped 

 Leaves, with Yellow-striped Leaves, with 

 Blotched Leaves, with Narrow-striped Leaves, 

 the Blotched Yellow berried, the Cream-co- 

 loured, the Copper-coloured, the White-leaved, 

 the Mottled-edged, the Hedgehog Silver-edged, 

 the Gold-edged Hedge-hog, the White Blotch- 

 ed Hedgehog, the Yellow Blotched Hedgehog, 

 the Painted Lady variegated. 



The second species rises with an upright 

 branching stem to the height of eighteen or 

 twenty feet ; the bark of the old stems is of a 

 brown colour, but that of the younger stems or 

 branches green and smooth : the leaves more 

 than lour inches long, and one and a quarter 

 broad in the broadest part, of a light green and 

 thick consistence ; the upper part is serrate, each 

 serratme ending in a small sharp spine ; they 

 stand alternately on every side of the branches, 

 on very short foot-stalks : the flowers come out 

 in thick clusters from the side of the stalks ; 

 they are white, and shaped like those of the 

 first, but smaller. Both the female and herma- 

 phrodite flowers are succeeded by small round- 

 ish berries, making a fine appearance in winter; 

 but they have not yet produced fruit in this cli- 

 mate. It is a native of Florida and Carolina. 



There are varieties, as with broad leaves, and 

 with narrow leaves, with scarcely any serra- 

 tures. 



The third rises to the height of ten or twelve 

 feet, sending out branches from the ground up- 

 wards, which form themselves into a sort of 

 pyramid : the leaves are about the size, shape, 

 texture, and colour of the small-leaved alater- 

 nus, but somewhat shorter, and a little broader 

 at the base : the flowers are produced in close 

 whorls at the joints of the branches, near the 

 foot-stalks of the leaves : they are white, and 

 are succeeded bv bright red berries, which con- 

 tinue upon the ]ilanis most part of the winter, 

 and make a fine appearance, intermixed with 

 the green leaves. Jl is a native of W^est Flo- 

 rida. 



Culture. — These plants are all capable of 

 bcii'g increased from seeds, and by the opera- 

 tions of budding and grafting. 



The seeds or berries should be sown as soon 

 as they are perfectly ripened, in small beds 

 prepared for the purpose. But as they are long 

 in germinating, it is the practice with some to 

 deposit them for a year before they are sown iu 



