J A S 



J A S 



The common sort must be planted against 

 walls, pales, or oilier fences, that may serve as 

 a support. V\^hen planted as a standard, it is 

 diffieult to train to a proper head, and keep in 

 order, without destroyiiii^ the flowering branches 

 which are the extremities of the same year's 

 shoots. On this account they should be per- 

 mitted to take their natural srrowth in the sum- 

 mer, and not pruned or nailed till towards the 

 latter end of March, when the frosts are over, 

 to prevent their being injured by them. 



The varieties should be planted in a w arnier 

 situation, with a southern aspect, than the 

 common sort, especially the first, which, in 

 very severe winters, should be protected with 

 mats. 



The second sort may be increased by layers, 

 or planting the suckers taken from the roots, in 

 the spring or autunm. The layers may be made 

 as in the first sort. 



The third sort is capable of beinsr propagated 

 either by budding or inarch-grafling upon 

 stocks of the second kind, or by layers of the 

 young tender branches made in the autumn or 

 early spring seasons ; but the former is the bet- 

 ter practice, as producing more hardy plants. 

 It should have a rather warm aspect, as a south 

 wall, and, in very severe winters, have the pro- 

 tection of mats. 



It requires the same pruning as the first sort. 



The four following sorts are more tender. 



The first of them may be increased by seeds 

 or layers of the young shoots. The seeds 

 should be sown in the eaily spring, in pots of 

 fresh light earth, plunging them in a moderate 

 hot-bed, and when the plants are up, removing 

 them into a second hot-bed to forward them, 

 giving them frequent slight refreshings of wa- 

 ter, and gradually hardening tliem to the full 

 air. They should be occasionallv watered in 

 the winter, and in the spring following be re- 

 moved into separate pots, the earth being care- 

 fully preserved about their roots. Their first 

 growth may be promoted by placing them in a 

 mild hot-bed. They afterwards require a pretty 

 free air, and slight protection from frosts in 

 winter. They should have the decayed branches 

 pruned out m the spritjg, without the others 

 being shortened, as the flowers are produced at 

 the extremities of the branches. 



In the layer method the young shoots should 

 be laid down in the early spring, as about 

 March, being slightly nicked underneath at a 

 joint, and often slightly watered in dry weather. 

 In the following spring they may he taken off, 

 and planted out in pots filled with light earth, 

 separately; being afterwards managed as the 

 •others. 



They may likewise be raised by inarch-graft-' 

 ing into stocks of the second species ; but tiie 

 plants produced in this way are not so strong as 

 those upon their own stocks, and they are apt 

 to send out too many suckers from the roots. 



The second of these tender kinds may be 

 raised by budding or inarch -grafting upon 

 stocks of the first species, w liieh renders it 

 more hardy than on its own : but the plants are 

 mostly brought from Italy, in bunches of four 

 together, and which, after having their roots 

 moistened, and the shoots and" dead parts 

 pruned away, as well as the tops cut down to 

 within a few inches of the grafted parts, may 

 be planted in pots filled with light fre^h earth, 

 plunging them in a moderate bark hot-bed, 

 shading them from the sun, and giving them 

 water. When they begin to grow, all the 

 shoots below the grafts should be rubbed off, 

 and the top shoots cut off, free air being ad- 

 mitted, so as to gradually harden thenj to he set 

 out in a warm situation. They must have the 

 protection of the green-house in winter, and 

 be frequently sparingly watered, a free air being 

 admitted in mild weather. 



The third of these tender sorts may be raised 

 by layers and cuttings; but the first is the best 

 method, as the cuttings require nnich care to 

 make them strike. The young branches should 

 be laid down in the spring, in pots filled with 

 soft loamy earth, plunging them in a tan hot- 

 bed, and watering them occasionally. In the 

 autumn, when they have stricken root, they 

 should be taken oft", and planted out in separate 

 small pots, plunging them in a hot-bed, due 

 shade being given. The cuttings may be planted 

 in pots of the same sort of earth during the 

 summer, plunging them in a tan hot-bed, and 

 covering them close with a bell or hand glass, 

 due shade being given, and occasional waterings, 

 V\'hen they have taken good root, in the ben-in- 

 ning of autunm, they may be removed into se- 

 parate pots, and be managed as those from 

 layers. 



These plants succeed best when kept in the 

 stove. 



The last of these sorts may be increased in 

 the same way as the fourth species, and re- 

 quires the same management afterwards. 



The three first species may be employed as 

 plants of ornament for covering walls, palings, 

 and other naked erections about houses, as well 

 as occasionally introduced as standards in clumps, 

 borders, and other parts of pleasure-grounds. 



The other sorts afford variety amongolher pot- 

 led green-house and stove plants. Some may 

 likewise be trained against warm walls orpalino-s, 

 especially the lastkind, which hasafinefraorance. 

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