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from about three to four or live inches deep, 

 into the alleys, then placing the roots in rows 

 upon the surface, tluusting the bottoms a litlle 

 into the ground, and immediately covering them 

 with the earth which was drawn off into the 

 alleys, spreading it evenly over every part, so as 

 to bury all the roots to an equal depth in the 

 soil. 



'I'he tender kinds of exotic plants, that require 

 occasional shelter whilst young, should many of 

 them be potted, in order for moving to warm 

 situations in winter ; or some into frames, &;c. 

 to have occasional shelter from frost, by glasses 

 or mats, as they may require ; hardening them, 

 however, by degrees to bear the open air fuUv 

 in the Nursery the year round. And the most 

 tender kinds, that require the aid of a green- 

 house or stove, should all be potted, and placed 

 in their proper situations. See Green-House 

 and Stove Plants. 



General Culture of the Plants. — In themanage- 

 iTientof the various hardy Nursery-plants, those 

 intended as stocks or fruit-trees, should have 

 their stems generally cleared from lateral shoots, 

 so as to form clean straight stems, but never to 

 shorten the leading shoot, unless it is decayed, 

 or becomes very crooked, in which case it may 

 be sometimes proper to cut it down low in 

 spring, to shoot out again, training the main 

 shoot for a stem, with its top entire, till grafted 

 or budded. See Grafting, Budding, and 

 Training. 



But in the culture of the fruit-tree kind, the 

 sorts designed for principal wall-trees, particu- 

 larly such as peaches, nectarines, apricots, &c. 

 should, when of one year's growth from graft- 

 ing and budding, be planted against some close 

 fence, as a wall, paling, reed-hedge, &c. and 

 their first graft or bud- shoot headed down in the 

 spring, to promote an emission of lower lateral 

 shoots and branches, in order to be regularly 

 trained to the fence in a spreading manner for 

 two or three years, or till wanted, to form the 

 head in a regular spreading growth, which in 

 public grounds of this kind should always be 

 ready in proper training, to supply those who 

 may wish to have their walls covered at once 

 by such ready trained trees. And a similar train- 

 ing, lioth for wall and espalier fruit-trees, may 

 be practised with some principal sorts in the 

 Nursery-rows in the open quarters of the ground, 

 by directing their branches, in a spreading man- 

 ner, to stakes placed for the purpose. 



Standard fruit-trees should only be trained 

 with a clean single stem, five or six feet for full 

 standards, by cutting off all lateral shoots 

 arising below : half-standards should be trained 



Vol. II, 



with three- or four- feet stems, and dwarf stand- 

 ards in proportion by the same means. 



The heads of the standards in some may be 

 directed by having the first immediate shoots 

 from the graft or bud, when a year old, pruned 

 short in spring, to procure lateral shoots, in or- 

 der to form a fuller spread of branches, proceed- 

 ing regularly together from near the sunnnit of 

 the stems, and thus give a more regular branchy 

 growth to ihem. 



Forest-trees should, in general, be encourao-ed 

 to form straight clean single stems, by occasional 

 trimming off the largest lateral branches, which 

 also promotes the leading top-shoots in risino- 

 straight, and faster in height ; alwavs suffering- 

 that part of each tree to shoot at fidl length ; that 

 is not to top it, unless where the stem divides into 

 forks, when the weakest should be trimmed off, 

 and the straightest and strongest shoots or 

 branches left to shoot out at their proper bngth 

 to form the aspiring tops. 



llie different sorts of shrubs should mostly 

 be suffered to branch out in their own natural 

 way, except merely regulating very disorderly 

 growths ; and some sorts may be trained with 

 single clean stems, from about one foot to 

 two or three high, according as may be thought 

 proper. But shrubs in general appear the 

 most agreeable when permitted to shoot out la- 

 terally all the way, so as to be branchy or feather- 

 ed to the bottoms of the stems. 



Thefruit-trees in each species should, as soon as 

 grafted or budded, have all the different varieties 

 numbered, by placing large flat-sided sticks at the 

 ends of the rows, for which purpose the spokes 

 of old coach-wheels, or any thing about that size 

 of any durable wood, answers very well, paint- 

 ing or marking upon them the numbers, and 

 entering them in the Nursery-book, with the 

 name of the varieties to which the number-sticks 

 are placed ; by which, at all times, a ready re- 

 course may be had to the sorts wanted. 



And it is useful to employ the same means to 

 trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants, especially 

 the varieties of particular species, when they are 

 numerous, such as in many of the flowery tribes ; 

 as auriculas, carnations, tulips, anemones, ra- 

 nunculuses, &c. 



Watering Nursery-plants is very requisite in 

 dry hot weather, in spring and summer; such as 

 seed- beds and tender seedliag-plants, while youno-, 

 and when first planted out, till they have taken 

 good root ; also, occasionally, to new-layed layers 

 and newly-planted cuttings in dry warm weather; 

 but as to hardy trees and shrubs of all sorts, 

 when planted out at the proper lime, as not too 

 late in the spring, no creat regard need be paid 

 X 



