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year. The roots shouW be taken up ^^ itli larne 

 balls ol' earth round them, and be planted agani 

 an soon a? possible. They should also be placed 

 as fi>' ;^ :it the soils and situations may be as 

 nearly as possible similar to those from which 

 they were taken ; those laken from woods being 

 planted out iu shady situations; those from boggy 

 or marshy places, in the more moist and boggy 

 parts ; and those from dry elevated situations, in 

 such as have the greatest degrees -.jf dryness and 

 are the most open. They should afterwards be 

 as little disturbed as possible by anv sort of cul- 

 ture ; — with this sort of management the roots 

 will often continue for several years, flowering 

 annually during the summer. 



In the cultin-e of the sixth sort Mr. Curtis 

 succeeded, by taking them up from their natural 

 situations when in flower, and baling their roots 

 no more than was necessary to remove tlie roots 

 of other sorts of plants ; then tilling large-sized 

 garden-pots with three parts goocT moderately 

 stift" loam and one part chalk mixed well toge- 

 ther, passing them through a sieve somewhat finer 

 than a cinder sieve, afterwards planting the roots 

 in them to the depth of two inches, and, where 

 there is more than one, three inches apart, water- 

 ing them occasionally during the summer season 

 in dry weather, and on the approach of winter 

 placing the pots under the protection of a frame 

 and glasses in order to prevent their being injured 

 bv wet or frosts^ 



' They all afford variety, and are highly orna- 

 mental' in the clumps, borders, and other parts of 

 shrubberies, he. 



ORCHARD, a portion of garden-ground set 

 apart for the gro'.vth of different sorts of the more 

 common sorts of fruit, but mostly that of the 

 apple kind. The trees in this case are mostly of 

 the standard kind, especially when large supplies 

 offruitarewanted, and generally consist of Apple- 

 trees, Pear-trees, Plum-trees, and Cherry-trees; 

 and, to render it more con.plete, should contain 

 Quinces, Medlars, Mulberries, Service-trees, 

 Filberts, Spanish Nuts, and Barberries, as well as 

 Walnuts and Chestnuts.- As the twolast sorts are 

 well adapted for sheltering the others from high 

 winds, they should, Mr. Forsyth thinks, beplant- 

 ed in the boundaries of the orchard, a little closer 

 than ordinary', for that purpose. 



In providing trees, especially of the apple kind, 

 for this purpose, too much care cannot betaken 

 to admit of none but such as have good roots, 

 fair clean stems, and proper heads ; and at the 

 same time attention should be paid that a proper 

 assortment of the dificrent sorts be procured for 

 the supply of the table during the whole year, a 

 few of the Summer sorts are sulBcient, but more 



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of the Autumn, and still a larger quantity of ths 

 Winter kind will lie necessary; as upon this last 

 sort the chief dependence must be placed from 

 the btQ:inning of the year till nearly the period 

 of t'le fruit being ready again. 



In districts where the pnicejs of cyder-niaking 

 is conducted upon a laige scale, large orchards 

 of apples only are often met with ; and in some 

 counties, as Kent, there are orchards wholly of 

 Cherries, or tliese and Filberts. In general, how- 

 ever, tlicre ou>;hl lo be a uuich larger proportiiin 

 of Apples than of any other fruit iu or-haids, as in 

 proper -juiations they are very profitable; and, in 

 addition, the trees have a deligbtiid appearance 

 when iu bloisom, as well as wh.ii the fruit is 

 ripe. 



Sttuafiun mid Soil. — In respect to situation, 

 an orchard should rather be elevated than low, as 

 en a gentle declivity ; open to the south and 

 sriuth-east, to give free admission to the air and 

 rays of the sun, as well as dry up the damps 

 and disperse the fogs, iu order to render the trees 

 healthv, and give a fine flavour to the fruit. It 

 should likewise be well sheltered from the east, 

 north, and westerly winds, by suitable planta- 

 tions, where not naturally sheltered by hills or 

 rising grounds. Such plantations, when they 

 consist of forest-trees, should neither he too large 

 nor too near the orchard ; as where that is the 

 case they prevent a free circulation of air, 

 which is injurious to the trees. Where the 

 ground does not admit of such plantations, Mr. 

 Forsyth advises planting cross rows of fruit-trees, 

 in the manner directed in gardens, as well as 

 some of the largest-growing trees nearest the 

 outsides exposed to those winds, two or three 

 rows of which should, he says, be planted closer 

 than ordinary, which would greatly shelter those 

 in the interior parts of the Orcliard, and be of 

 great service, in addition, to the walnut and 

 chestnut trees, as mentioned above. 



Orchards are planted on many different sorts 

 of soil and succeed well ; but a dry friable loam 

 is probably the most suitable, as trees of this 

 sort are impatient of moisture. Such as have 

 been mentioned for gardens v\ill answer perfectly 

 well, and such as produce good crops of corn, 

 grass, or other vegetables, are mostly proper for 

 an Orchard ; and "though the above sort is to be 

 preferred, any of a good quality, not too light 

 or dry, nor wet, heavy, or stubborn, but of a 

 moderately soft and pliant quality, will be found 

 to answer the end perfectly. The shingly and 

 gravelly soils disagree very much with fruit-trees, 

 unless there be loam intermixed with them. 

 They succeed much better on a chalk bottom, 

 or subsoil. On such a soil, Mr. Forsyth ha& 



