P I N 



P I N 



loose, on long pcdimclcs : tlie flowers small, 

 yellowish white: the t^cccls oblong, swtHino-. 

 It flowers in July ; and it' the season prove waini 

 the seeds will ripen in autumn. It is a native of 

 Egypt. 



'rhe seeds have an aromatic smell, and a plea- 

 sant warm taste, aceompanicd wish a consider- 

 able degree of sweetness. 



Culture. — The seeds shoidd be sown in the 

 early part of April on a dry warm border, where 

 the plants are to remam, being afterwards 

 properly thinned out and kept free" from weeds. 

 These plants, however, seldom afford much proln 

 by their seeds in this climate. 



They produce variety in the borders, &c., of 

 pleasure-grounds, as well as in pots in other 

 places when cultivated in that way. 



PINASTER. See Pin us. 



PINEA. See Pinus. 



PINE-APPLE. See Bromelia. » 



PINE, SCREW. SeePANDANus. 



PINE-TREE. See Pinus. 



PINGUIN. See Bromelia. 



PINUS, a genus containing plants of the 

 evergreen and deciduous tree-kinds. 



It belongs to the class and order Monoecia 

 Munadelphia, and ranks in the natural order of 

 Conijerce. 



The characters are : that the male flowers are 

 disposed in racemes : the calyx has scales of the 

 bud opening, and no other: there is no corolla : 

 the stamina have very many filaments, connect- 

 ed at bottom into an upright cokmm, divided at 

 top: anthers erect, naked: female flowers on 

 the same plant : calyx is a subovate strobile, 

 consisting of scales which are two-flowered, ob- 

 long, imbricate, permanent, rigid : there is no 

 corolla : the pistillum is a very small germ : 

 style awl-shaped : stigma simple : there is no 

 pericarpium : strobile serves for a calyx, havino- 

 before been closed, but now only converging: the 

 seed is a nut_ augmented by a membranaceous 

 wing which is larger than the seed, but less than 

 the scale of the strobile, oblong, straight on 

 one side, gibbous on the other. 



The species arc: 1. P. ii/lresiris, Wild Pine- 

 Tree ; 2. P. Pinaster, Pinaster, or Cluster Pine- 

 Tree; 3. P. inops, Jersey Pine-Tree ; 4. P.re- 

 wiOM, American Pitch Pine-Tree ; 5. P. Iiale- 

 peusis, Aleppo Pine-Tree ; 6. P. Pineu, Stone 

 Pine-Tree ; ;. P. Tceda, Torc]^ Pine, or Three- 

 leaved Virginia Pine ; S. P. paluslris, Swamp 

 Pine-Tree; 9. P. cew^-c, Siberian Stone Pine- 

 Tree ; 10. P. occidentalis, West Indian Pine- 

 Tree; II. P. Sirol'us, Weymouth J^ine-Tree ; 

 12. P. Cedrut, Cedar of Lebanon"; 13. P.pen- 

 dula, Black Larch-Tree; 14. P. Larir, Com- 



mon White Larch-Tree; Ki. P. P]ien, Silver 

 Hr-Tree; 16. P. Balsamea, Ralm of Gilead 

 Fir-Tree; 11. P. canadc/i.iis, llcmlovk Spruce 

 Fir-Tree ; 18. P. u/gro, Black Spruce fir-Tree ; 

 IP. P. Abies, Norway Spruce I'ir-Tiee ; 20. P. 

 alia, White Spruce Fir-Tree; ei. P. orien- 

 talis. Oriental Fir-Tree. 



The first in a favourable soil grows to ihc 

 height of eighty feet, with a straight trunk : the 

 bark is of a brownish colour and full of crevices : 

 the leaves issue from a white truncated little 

 sheath in pairs; they are linear, acuminate^ 

 quite entire, striated, convex on one side, flat 

 on the other, mncronate, bright green, smooth, 

 from an inch and half to two inches or a little 

 more in length, shorter fJKm in the Pinaster and 

 Stone-Pine, broader, twisted, and of a erayisli 

 colour: the scales of the male catkins roll back 

 at top, and are feathered; the inner and upper 

 scales of the cones gradually terminate in a short 

 awn, but the lower scales have none ; the scales 

 open very readily ; the cones small, pyramidal, 

 ending in narrow points, of a light colour, with 

 small seeds. It is here often called Scotch 

 Fir, from its growing naturally in the moun- 

 tains of Scotland; but is common in most parts 

 of Europe, particularly in the northern parts. 

 The wood aflfbrds the red or yellow deal, uhich 

 is the most durable of any of the kinds yet 

 known : the leaves are much shorter than those 

 of the Pinaster and Stone Pine, broader, of a 

 grayish colour and twisted: the cones arc small, 

 pyramidal, and end in narrow points; thev are 

 of a light colour, and the seeds are small. 



The trunk affords masts to our navy, and 

 from it and the branches tar and pitch are c^- 

 tained, as also by incision barras. Burgundy 

 pitch and turpentine. 



There are several varieties : as the Tartarian, 

 which has a great resemblance to it, but the 

 leaves are broader, shorter, and their points are 

 more obtuse; they emit a strong balsamic odour 

 when bruised : the cones are verv small, as are 

 also the seeds, some of which are black, and- 

 others white. It grows naturally in Tartary. 



The Mountain, or Mughoe, which has very 

 narrow green leaves, grows sometimes by pairs, 

 sometimes by threes from the same sheath, 

 generally standing erect : the cones are of a 

 middling size and pyramidal : the scales fiat, 

 having each a small obtuse rising, but very com- 

 pact till they are opened by the" warmth'of the 

 sun the second spring: the seeds of this are 

 much less than those of the. second sort, but 

 larger than those of the first. It is a native 

 of the Swiss mountains, where it is often called 

 Torch Pine, growing to a great hfiight. 



