P I s 



P I s 



w'lihout ]irotcction, but should always be ex- 

 posed to the air \n mild wcatlicr : thev shed 

 their leaves in autumn, and therefore should not 

 have much wet in winter. In the spring, before 

 the plants begin to shoot, thev must be removed 

 each into a separate small pot ; and be plunged 

 into a very moderate hot-bed, to forward their 

 putting out new roots. As soon as thev begin 

 to shoot, they must be gradually hardened, and 

 placed abroad again. 



These plants may be kept in pots three or 

 four years till they have got strength, during 

 which time they should be sheltered in winter; 

 and afterwards be turned out of the pots, and 

 planted in the fidl ground, some against hioh 

 walls to a warm aspect, and others in a shel- 

 tered situation, where they bear the cold of our 

 ordinary winters very well, but in severe frosts 

 are often liable to be destroyed. The trees 

 flower and produce fruit, but the summers are 

 seldom warm enough to ripen the nuts. 



The third sort is also capable of beins: in- 

 creased by laying down the young branches, 

 which, if properly managed, put out roots in 

 one year, and may be cut off from the old plants, 

 and be planted out into separate small pots. 

 These must be sheltered in winter, and in sum- 

 mer placed abroad in a sheltered situation, and 

 treated in the same way as other hardy kinds of 

 green-house plants. 



When raised from seeds they should be taken 

 from trees growing in the neighbourhood of the 

 male plants, as otherwise they will not grow. 

 When these plants have obtained strength, 

 some of them may be turned out of the pots, 

 and planted against warm walls ; where, if their 

 branches are trained against them, they endure 

 ordinary winters very well, and with a little 

 shelter in severe winters may be preserved with 

 safety. 



They .are curious and ornamental in different 

 situations. 



PISUM, a genus comprising plants of the 

 hardy herbaceous kind. 



It belongs to the class and order Diadtilphia 

 Decandria, and ranks in the natural order of 

 PapUionaccce or LegiimhioscB. 



The characters are : that the calvx is a one- 

 leafed, five-cleft, acute, permanent perianlhiuni; 

 the two upper segments shorter: the corolla is 

 papilionaceous: standard very broad, obcordate, 

 reflex, emarginate with a point : winas two, 

 roundish, converging, shorter than the standard : 

 keel compressed, semilunar, shorter than the 

 wings: stamina have diadelphous (ilan:ients ; 

 one simple, superior. Hat, awl-shaped ; and 

 nine awl-shaped below the middle united into a 



cylinder which is cloven at top : anthers round- 

 ish : the pistillum is an oblong, compressed 

 germ : style ascending, triangular, membrana»- 

 ceous, keeled with the sides bent outwards : 

 stigma growing to the upper angle, oblong, 

 villose : the pcricarpium is a large legume, lono, 

 roundish or compressed downwards, with the 

 top acuminate upwards, one-celled, two-valved; 

 the seeds several, globular. 



The species are: 1. P. sativum, Common 

 Pea ; 2. P. marilimum, Sea Pea ; 3.P. Odirus, 

 Yellow-flowered Pea. 



The first has an annual, slender, fibrous root : 

 the steins hollow whilst young, brittle, brancheil, 

 smooth, weak, climbing by terminating ten- 

 drils: leaves abruptly pinnate, composed usually 

 of two pairs of leaflets, which are oval and 

 smooth : the stipules large, surrounding the stem 

 or branch : the flowers lateral, two or three to- 

 gether on long peduncles: the corolla white, 

 greenish white, purple or variegated : the le- 

 gumes- commonly in pairs, about two inches 

 long, of an oblong form, smooth, swelling at the 

 straight suture, where the seeds are fastened, 

 flatted next the other suture, which arches, espe- 

 cially towards the end : the seeds from five or 

 six to eight or nine, commonly globular, but in ' 

 some varieties irregular or approachino- to a 

 cubic form, smooth, white, yellow, blue, gray, 

 brown, or greenish, with a small oblong unibi- 

 licus : the colour of the whole plant is glaucous, 

 or hoary green, from a white meal which covers 

 it. It is said to be a native of the South of 

 Europe. 



There are two principal varieties, the white 

 and gray; and several sub-varieties, the principal 

 of which are : 



Early kinds. — The Early Golden Hotspur ; 

 Early Charlton Motsjiur; Nichols's Early Gold- 

 en Hotspur; the Early Charlton ; the Headmg 

 Hotspur ; Masters'* Hotspur ; Ormrod's Hot- 

 spur; Early Dwarf Hotsjuir; Leadman's Dwarf; 

 Fan Spanish Dwarf ; Early Dwarf Frame Pea; 

 Pearl I'ea ; Cluster Pea; Royal Green Pea; 

 Essex Hotspur; the Dwarf Pea; the Sugar 

 Pea. 



Laie kiinh. — Spanish Movotto ; Nonpareil ; : 

 Sugar Dwarf; Sickle Pea; Marrowfat; Dwarf 

 Marrowfat; Rote or Crown Pea; Rouncival 

 Pea ; Gray Pea; Large Gray J'ea; Crooked Gray 

 I'ea; Long-bearing Pea; Green Field Pea; 

 White Field Pea ; Pig Pea. 



Manv of the first sub-varieties are verv early, 

 and, being low growers, require sticks of three 

 or four feel only in height, and often not so 

 much. New varieties of these are raised almost 

 every year^, which, because they differ in some 



