POP 



POP 



are ripe, as when sown in the spring they rarely 

 succeed ; or if some plants come up, they sel- 

 dom grow so strong. They may be removed in 

 the spring into the borders of the plantation or 

 flower-garden, giving them room. They are, 

 however, conmnonly sown iii the spring with 

 other annuals; thinning the seedlings, when they 

 appear, so as to stand a foot apart. About the 

 beginning of July the side shoots should be 

 pruned ofl", to make them advance in height, 

 and preserve them within compass; and when 

 Ihey are pruned up to five or six feet, they may 

 be permitted to shoot out side branches. It de- 

 lights in a rich moist soil. The plants are some- 

 times sown on hot-beds, in March, in order to 

 be more forward. 



These plants are distinguished for their supe- 

 rior stature and the brilhancy of their flowers : 

 they frequently grow to the heioht of eight or 

 ten feet, and rival the sun-flower. 



POMEGRANATE. See Punica. 



POMFION. See Cucurbita. 



POMUM. See Pyrus. 



POPPY. See Papaver. 



POPPY, HORNED. See Chelidonium. 



POPPY, PRICKLY. See Argf.monl. 



POPULUS, a genus containing plants of the 

 hardy deciduous tree kind. 



It belongs to the class and order Dioecia 

 Octandrio, and ranks in the natural order of 

 ^)?ienlacece. 



The characters are : that in the male — the 

 calyx is an oblong anient, loosely imbricate, cy- 

 lindrical, composed of one-flowered, oblong, 

 flat scales, torn at the edge : the corolla has no 

 petals : the nectary one-leafed, turbinate below, 

 tubular, ending at top obliquely in an ovate 

 border : the stamina have eight, extremely short 

 filaments : anthers four-cornered, large : female 

 — the calyx and scales as in the male : the co- 

 rolla has no petals : nectary as in the male: the 

 pistilluni is an ovate-acuminate germ : style 

 scarcely manifest : stigma four-cleil: the peri- 

 carpium is an ovate capsule, two celled, two- 

 valved : valves reflex : the seeds numerous, 

 ovate, flying with a capillary pappus. 



The species cultivated are : 1. P. alba, White 

 Poplar ; 2. P. trenmlu. Trembling Poplar Tree, 

 or Asp ; 3. P. nigra, Black Popliir Tree ; 4. /-". 

 dilatata, Lombardy or Po Pojlar Tite ; ,'5. P. 

 iulsam[f'(ra, (Common Tacaui.ihaca Poplar Tree ; 

 6. P. candicans, Heart-leaved Tacamahata Pop- 

 lar Tree; 7- P- Iceuigata, Smooth Poplar Tree; 

 S. P. vioidllfha, Canadian Poplar Tree; {). P. 

 Grcecu, Athenian Poplar Tree; 10. P. ficUro- 

 phylla, Vr.rious-leaved Poplar Tree; 11. P. 

 angiilutd, Carolina Poplar Tree. 



The fij-st grows very tall,^ with a straight 



trunk, covered with a smooth whitish bark : 

 the leaves are smooth, blackish green above, 

 but having a thick wliite cotton under- 

 neath ; they are abotit three inches long, on pe- 

 tioles an inch in length, flatted and orooved on 

 each side : in young trees the leaves are round- 

 ish, but in adult ones angular, divided into 

 three, five or seven lobes ; thev are without 

 glaudsj either at the base or on the serratures. 

 The flowers are exactly similar to those of the 

 second sort. It is a native of Europe, from 

 Sweden to Italy; also of Siberia and Barbary. 



There are two varieties ; the Common White 

 Poplar, and the Great White Poplar, or Abele. 

 In the first, the leaves are rounder, and not 

 much above half the size of those of the latter ; 

 and the shoots of the latter are paler, the catkins 

 are larger, ahd the down of the seeds whiter and 

 longer. 



In the latter the leaves are large, and divided 

 into three, four, or five lobes, which are in- 

 dented on their edges ; they are of a very dark 

 colour on their upper side, and very white and 

 downy on their under, standing upon foot- 

 stalks, which are about an inch long : the 

 young branches have a purple bark, and "are co- 

 vered with a white down, but the bark of the 

 stem and older branches is gray. In the begin- 

 ning of April the male flowers or catkins ap- 

 pear, which are cylindrical, scaly, and three 

 inches long, and about a week after come out 

 the female flowers on catkins, which have no 

 stamina like those of the male. Soon after 

 these come out, the male catkins fall ofl^, and 

 in five or six weeks after, the female flowers 

 will have ripe seeds inclosed in a hairy covering, 

 when the catkins will drop, and the seeds fe 

 wafted by the winds to a great distance. Ac- 

 cording to Mortimer, the best sort comes from 

 Holland and Elanders. Hence in some places it 

 is called Dutch Beech. 



The second species has a green smooth bark. 

 The leaves at first breaking out are hairy above 

 and cottony underneath, but when full grown 

 are smooth; they are slightly heart-shaped, 

 smaller and more approaching to circular than 

 in the preceding, with a few angular teeth on 

 the edges. According to iinnceus they are rolled 

 iiiwardj at the edge, and have two glands run- 

 ning one into the oiher on the inner side above 

 the base. He also observes, that the leaf-stalks, 

 are flatted towards the end, whence the perpe- 

 tual trembling of the leaves with every breath of 

 wind : but the petioles being ilai in the White 

 anJ Black Poplars, as well as in this. Dr. Stokes 

 accounts better for the phasnomenon, from the 

 plane of the long leaf-stalks being at ri^ht an- 

 gles to that of the leaves, which allows Ihenj a. 



