P R U 



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placed shoots arise in such parts, they are parti- 

 cularly to be regarded at this time ; aud in 

 winter pruning, such of them as are not wanted 

 may be easily'ciit out and removed : but all 

 weak trifling shoots should now be taken out. 



After having summer-pruned and cleared any 

 tree from all useless shoots, ail the remaining 

 proper shoots should be directly, or as soon 

 as ihev are long enough, trained in straight 

 and close to the wall or espaliers, at full length. 

 When there is any great vacancy in some parti- 

 cular part, it may however be proper to cut 

 or prune one or more contiguous shoots to three, 

 four, or five eves or buds, in order to promote 

 an emission of laterals accordingly the same sea- 

 son, more eflectually to supply the vacant spa- 

 ces ; but all the rest should be trained at full 

 length till winter pruning, when they must un- 

 dergo another regulation. Those of such trees 

 as require it, as peach, nectaiine, &c., should 

 he shortened. 



The work of training in the shoots in this 

 season, is performed when against .vails, both 

 by nailing, by means of proper shreds and nails, 

 and occasionally, by fastening in the smaller 

 shoots, with little sticks or twigs stuck between 

 the main branches and the wall ; and for espa- 

 liers, by tying them with small osiers, rushes, 

 or bass strings. 



After having thus summer-dressed and trained 

 the trees, it v.'ill be necessary to look them oc- 

 casionally over, in order to reform such branches 

 or shoots as may have started from their places 

 op taken a wrong direction, and according as any 

 fresh irregular shoots are produced, they should 

 be displaced; and likewise as the already trained 

 shoots advance in length or project from the 

 wall or espalier, be tramed in close, continuing 

 them at full length during their sunniier's 

 growth ; every thing being kept close and regu- 

 lar, by which the trees will appear beautilul to 

 the eye, and the fruit show itself, and attain its 

 due perfection more effectually. 



IVinter- Pruning. — In this pruning, a gene- 

 ral regulation miist be produced both in the 

 mother branches, and thesupply of young wood 

 laid in the preceding summer. The proper time 

 for this work is, in most wall-trees, anytime 

 in open weather, from the fall of the leaf in 

 November until March. And in performing 

 the business, it is proper to unnail or loosen a 

 great part of the branches, particularly of peach- 

 es, nectarines, apricots, vines, and such other 

 trees, as require an annual supply of young 

 wood, and considerable regulation in the general 

 branches. 



All the principal or mother branches should 



first be looked over, and examined, to see if 

 any are vi'orn out or not furnished with parts 

 proper for bearing fruit, and such branches be 

 cut down either to the great branch from which 

 they proceed, or to any lower shoot or good 

 branch they may support toward their bottom 

 part, leaving these to supply its place ; like- 

 wise examining if any branches are become too 

 louo- for the allotted space either at sides f)r top, 

 and reforming them accordingly, by shortening 

 them down to some lower shoot or branch pro- 

 perly situated to supply the place ; being careful 

 that every branch terminates in a young shoot 

 of some sort for a leader, especially in all parts 

 where room to extend them, according as the 

 limited space admits, having the leader either 

 placed naturally at the termination of the branch ; 

 or, where too long in any particular parts of 

 thfi tree, pruned conforniablv to some lower 

 shoot. Sec, so as that it may still terminate in 

 a proper leader, and the extended branches not 

 cut to naked stumpy or stubbed ends, as is 

 often practised bv inexperienced pruners. And 

 from the principal or larger branches, pass to the 

 young wood of the year : or, in proceeding both 

 in the occasional reform among the principal or 

 older branches, and more general regulation in 

 the young wood of the year, or shoots of the 

 preceding summer, the above intimations rela- 

 tive to the principal branches should be ob- 

 served in the pruning in the whole, both on the 

 old and young wood, and be carried on regu- 

 larly together at the same time, cutting out or 

 retaining according to circumstances ; as for 

 instance, in the oUier vi'ood observing the above 

 particulars, and as below, and in the general 

 supply of young wood, cutting out close all 

 fore-right and other irregular shoots that may 

 have been omitted in the summer-priming; like- 

 wise all very weak shoots, and those of very 

 luxuriant growth, nnless it be necessary to keep 

 some to sup[)ly a vacant place ; then of the re- 

 maining regular shoots, selecting a greater or 

 smaller portion to leave either as a general 

 supply for next vear's bearing, as is requisite for 

 peaches, nectarines, apricots, vines, and figs ; 

 or only in others some occasional shoots, such as 

 in full-trained apple-, pear-, plum-, and cherry- 

 trees, &c., either sometimes to furnish casual 

 vacancies, or to supply the places of any de- 

 fective or improper branches, or ineflectual 

 bearers, as may casually occur, or that of de- 

 caved or dead wood. 



But as peach, nectarines, apricots, vines, and 

 fitrs, always bear principally on the year-old 

 wood, as already noticed, a general supply of 

 young shoots laust be left in every part from 



