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the stones of the fruit ; and the approved kinds 

 acquired in this manner were afterwards multi- 

 plied by grafting antl budding ; as they dn not 

 continue the same sorts from seed, for from the 

 seed of one tree many different sorts may be 

 produced, and probably none like the mother- 

 tree, and very few that afford fruit worth eating: 

 but when in possession of anv approved sorts, 

 they may be multiplied at pleasure, by ingrafting 

 shoots or buds of them into any kind of Plum- 

 stocks. Of course the mode of increasing these 

 trees is, by grafting, budding, and occasionally 

 by layers ; but the two former are the most usual 

 methods of practice. 



The two first modes may be performed upon 

 stocks of any sorts of the Plum-kind, which 

 have been raised from the stones, sown in au- 

 tumn in beds of good earth, about two inches 

 deep ; and when the plants are a year old, plant- 

 ed out in nursery rows two feet and a half asun- 

 der; when, after having from one to two or three 

 years' growth, they are in a fit state for. grafting 

 or budding with the desired sorts; which is 

 performed in the usuaJ way, either low in the 

 stock for dwarfs, or at several feet height for 

 standards. See Grafting and Inoculation. 



These trees may be trained either as dwarf 

 wall trees, espaliers, or as standards and half 

 standards. 



When the first shoots from the graft or bud 

 are one year old, those of the trees designed as 

 dwarfs for walls, &,c. should be headed down 

 within five or six inches of the bottom, parti- 

 cularly the budded trees, in order to force out 

 laterals from the lower eyes, so as to furnish a 

 proper set of branches, proceeding regularly 

 from the bottom of the tree, to cover every part 

 of the wall or espalier. With regard to the 

 standards, their first shoots may either be suf- 

 fered to run and branch in their own way, or 

 headed to a few eyes, if it seem necessary, to 

 force out lower laterals to give the head a more 

 regular spreading form, afterwards letting them 

 all take their own natural growth. 



When the trees raised in either of these rnodes 

 are from one to two or three years old, they 

 are of a proper size for being finally planted out 

 in the garden, or other pkce; though trees which 

 are much older mav be safely removed ; hut the 

 younger they are planted where thty are to re- 

 main, the sooner and more firmly they establish 

 themselves, and form for bearing. 



In the laver method, which is only practised 

 occasionally, the business may be performed any 

 time from November till Alarch, choosing the 

 last summer's shoots, and laying them down by 

 sUt-IaTjins;. when in one year they v;ill be rooted, 

 and must then be separated, and pfanted in nur- 



sery rows, being trained either for dwarfs or 

 standards as may be required. 



i^nd the Double Blossom, the Striped varie- 

 ties, and the Stonelesskind, are all increased by 

 budriing or grafting upon any kinds of Plum- 

 stocks, either fordwarts, or half or full standards. 



The Bullace kinds arc capable of being in- 

 creased by sowing the berries or stones an inch 

 deep in a bed of common earth in autumn ; but 

 to Continue the different varieties distinct, th'.y 

 must be increased by budding, grafting, or lay- 

 ing, as in the other sorts. 



The proper season for planting all the sorts of 

 these trees is any time, in open weather, from 

 November until March. And trees of all the 

 varieties will mostly succeed in atiy common 

 soil, and open exposure; but some of the best 

 sorts should always be put for walls and espa- 

 liers, those for walls generally having an east or 

 west aspect, or even a south wall for some of 

 the choicest sorts ; and a few may also be planted 

 aiiainst a north wall,' to furnish late fruit ; and 

 those for espaliers may be planted round any of 

 the open quarters, as also the standards. 



The trees designed for walls and esjialiers 

 should be planted out fifteen or eighteen feet di- 

 stance ; though where the walls, &c. are rather 

 low, eighteen or twenty feet distance may be 

 requisite, in order that, in default of a proper 

 height of walling, there may be more scope ta 

 train the branches horizontally. But when the 

 trees thus pkuited are quite young, as only of 

 one year's shoot from the grafting or buildmg, 

 they should in March be headed down, as above, 

 to four or five eves, to force out lower horizon- 

 tals in the ensuing summer ; which, according 

 as they advance in length, should be trained ho- 

 rizontally at full length all sunnner, unless it be 

 necessary to forward a further supply of lower 

 branches as fast as possible; in which case, the 

 young shoots should be pinched off in May down 

 to a few eves, when each wUl throw out several 

 lateral branches the same year, which should also 

 be trained horizontally at full length during their 

 summer's growth; and in the winter pruning, 

 cutting out only any foreright and back shoots, 

 training-in all the regular ones at full length ; as 

 the branches of these trees should be shortened 

 oidy occasionally to procure wood to fill vacan- 

 cies, as the branches always forn^ fruit-spurs 

 first towards their extreme parts, which would 

 be destroyed by shortening: so that, after having 

 shortened the first and second year's shoots oc- 

 casionally, as above, and thereby procured a 

 proper set of lower horizontals, to give the head 

 its first form; the whole may then be trained in 

 entire about four, five, or six inches asunder ; 

 and, accordingly as the trees shoot^ every sum- 



