P Y R 



P Y R 



fiiccecJ perfectly to his wishes. The matting 

 whicli is wrapped round the bud should not he 

 slackened too soon ; for in that case you will lind 

 tlie incision opened, which very often occasions 

 the death of the bud. If, says he, nurserymen 

 and gardeners would give this method a fair 

 trial, and use the same composition as he uses 

 for curing defects in trees, instead of loam 

 and horse dung (which bind so hard as to pre- 

 vent tlie rain and moisture from penetrating to 

 the graft to moisten the wood and bark), they 

 would find that the grafts would succeed much 

 belter. The composition, for this purpose, 

 ."should, he says, be rather softer than grafting- 

 clay generally is ; and, instead of applying so 

 large a n)ass as is generally done of clay, it need 

 not, in most cases, be more than two or three 

 inches in circumference, to cfiect the purpose. 



Apples come to full growth in diflerent sorts 

 successively, from July until the end of October: 

 the summer kinds contmue but a short time, but 

 the autumn- and winter-apples keep from two or 

 three to six or eight months, in different varie- 

 ties. The signs of perfection or full growth of 

 the diflerent sorts of apples, are by their assuming 

 a lively colour, emitting a fragrant odour, fre- 

 quently falling from the tree, and by quitting their 

 hold easily on being handled. 



In the gathering of all the sorts of apples for 

 keeping, dry weather should always be chosen, 

 and when the trees and fruit are also perfectly 

 dry : observe likewise in gathering apples for 

 the table, and all kinds of apples designed for 

 keeping any considerable time, that they be 

 pulled one and one by hand. See Fruit. 



The other species may be increased by graft- 

 ing and budding: them upon the common Crab 

 stock : they should have sheltered situations, as 

 they are rather tender while young. These trees 

 afford ornament and variety in the clumps and 

 shrubbery ])arts of pleasure-grounds. 



Culture in the Quince Kind. — These trees may 

 be raised from the kernels of the fruit sown in 

 autumn ; but there is no depending on having 

 the same sort of good fruit from seedlings, nor 

 will they soon become bearers. But the several 

 varieties niav be continued the sainc by cuttings 

 and layers ; also by suckers from such trees as 

 grow upon their own roots, and likewise be in- 

 creased bv grafting and budding upon their own 

 or Pear- stocks raised from the kernels in the 

 same manner as for apples. 



Tlie raising by cuttings, layers, and suckers is 

 performed in autumn, winter, or spring, choosing 

 young wood for the cuttings and layers, which 

 should be planted and laid in the common method, 

 when they will be rooted by the following au- 

 tumn, then planted out into nursery rows two 

 feet asunder ; plant the suckers also at the same 



distance, and there training the whole for the 

 purposes intended : if for standards, run them 

 up with a stem to any desired height, from 

 three to five or six feet, then encourage ihem to 

 branch out at top, to form a head ; and those 

 designed as dwarfs must be headed near the 

 ground, and trained accordingly for espaliers, 

 or dwarf standards, as directed under those ar- 

 ticles : the grafting or budding is effected on 

 Quince- or Pear-stocks, and trained as above. 



When they have formed tolerable heads, they 

 should be planted out finally. 



Mr. Forsyth advises that the layers or cuttings 

 should be planted in a shady place, in rows at 

 about a foot distant from each other, and about 

 three inches from plant to plant in the rows ; 

 mulching them with rotten leaves, or rotten 

 dung, which will keep the ground about them 

 moist ; and watering them frequently in hot 

 weather. About Michaelmas those that are well 

 rooted may be planted out, and those that are 

 not should remain another year. They may al- 

 so be propagated by budding or grafting ; and 

 these trees will bear sooner, and be more fruit- 

 ful than those raised by any other method. 



He observes, that the quince-tree may be 

 pruned much in the same way as an apple-tree, 

 taking care to cut out all the old diseased and 

 dead wood, and the cross branches in the middle 

 of the tree, which are apt to injure each other by 

 friction. In general you will find old trees 

 much hurt by injudicious pruning: in that case 

 they should be headed down, cutting out all the 

 cankery parts, and also all the diseased and dead 

 wood where the tree is hollow, or where large 

 branches have been cut or broken off; applying 

 the composition as for apple-trees: and as 

 quince-trees are verv apt to have rough bark, 

 and to be bark-bound, in these cases it will be 

 necessary to shave off the rough bark with a 

 draw-knife, and to scarify them when bark- 

 bound, brushingthem over with the compositioBr 



It is also advised to plant quince-trees at a 

 proper distance from apples and pears, as bees 

 and the wind may mi.x the farina, and occasion 

 the apples or pears to degenerate. 



Standard quinces, designed as fruit-trees, 

 mav be stationed in the garden or orchard, and 

 some by the sides of any water, pond, watery- 

 ditch, ike. as they delight in moisture, suffering 

 the whole to take their own natural growth : 

 and as espaliers, they may be arranged in assem- 

 blage with other moderate-growing trees, such 

 as apples and pears on paradise and quince- 

 stocks, cherries. Sec. being trained as directed 

 for apples and pears in espaliers. They may 

 also be planted in shrubberies either as full or 

 low standards, and permitted to take their own 

 wav of growth. See Okch.\rd. 



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